Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "The Rule of Law"

Вариант 2

Задание 1. Напишите глагол, данный в скобках, в правильной грамматической форме. Переведите предложения. 1. One of the parties expected that the court (declare) the contract invalid. 2. Recently the legal profession (become) more competitive. 3. A dispute (arise) between parties to a contract is to be resolved by a civil court. 4. The role of a jury is to decide upon issues of fact (present) in a case. 5. The appeal (file) by the prosecution wasn’t satisfied. 6. Most appeals (make) on matters of law. 7. The advocate’s work can include defending those (accuse) of committing a crime. 8. In continental law countries, judges (not bind) by previous decisions of a higher court.

Задание 2. Заполните пропуск подходящим по смыслу словом. Переведите предложения. 1. The right of a court to hear a particular case is called __________. 2. A proceeding in which opposing parties in a dispute present evidence and make arguments before a judge or a jury is called ______________. 3. ____________ against the decisions of the first instance court are handled by appellate courts. 4. A decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal proceedings is called __________. 5. In the UK __________ advise clients on business and property matters; investigate and prepare cases which they then hand to barristers. 6. The jury has reached a ___________. 7. The parties try to reach a settlement to avoid __________costs. 8. In court, trial lawyers are referred to as '_________ for the defence' and '_________for the prosecution'.

Задание 3. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст. The Rule of Law The concept of the rule of law is the cornerstone of any democratic society and government. It is the law which is used to decide disputes, not the wishes or ideas of any mere mortal, irrespective of his or her position. Moreover, the parties for the most part accept the fact that the dispute will be decided by a rule of law and that the winner and the loser alike will accept the determination without resorting to another method of resolution, such as force. The study of law essentially concerns “rules of law”. A rule of law is a prediction as to what a court will or will not do in a given factual situation. It is then obvious that the facts create legal issues which are resolved by using rules of law. A majority of legal procedures are designed to discover the facts (e.g., the function of the jury is fact finding). The law is one of the means for controlling the conduct of businesses. The basic role of law in business decisions is apparent. It constrains business in its decisions and in its selection of alternative courses of action. Certain conduct is illegal, and individuals or businesses who commit acts or omissions declared to be illegal are subject to sanctions, e.g., fines or imprisonment if the conduct is declared a crime. The sanctions may include liability for damages if the conduct is tortious (involving a wrongful act or a breach of contract). Besides, the law and legal sanctions may be used to prevent certain conduct or to require that certain things be done. Business decisions must be made within the law, or sanctions will be imposed. The law is the foundation for the regulation of all business conduct and decisions.