Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Перевод подчиненных предложений"

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните инфинитив - одной чертой, причастие - двумя чертами, герундий - волнистой линией. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 1. There were some attempts to weigh a single particle of electricity and to calculate its electric charge.
   2. Having employed a durable carbonized filament, he solved at last the problem of cheap illumination on a large scale.
   3. He proved to be the first scientist who suggested the idea of dividing electricity into positive and negative electricity.
   4. It is known that a signal to be utilized in daytime should be substituted by colored lights at night.
   5. One of the main tasks for engineers to decide before beginning to construct any transmission line is to evaluate its environmental impacts.
   6. The efficiency coefficient of electric locomotives is stated to be much higher than that of steam locomotives.

2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода бессоюзных подчинений.

1. 7. The fast industrial development people have seen for the past 200 years has caused the development of new power sources that should satisfy our growing power demands.
   8. The principal components the atomic power plant consists of are the nuclear reactor (where the fission takes place), the heat exchanger (in which the steam is produced), and the steam turbine (to generate electricity).
   9. The digital computer used everywhere nowadays deals with numbers and not physical quantities the analog computer deals with.
   10. The carrier frequencies the color television uses are the same as for the black-and-white signal transmission, and differ only in the data they carry.
   11. Insulating materials - such as rubber, glass, cotton and so on - we use for covering the conductors and preventing their interconnection have very low conductivity.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая различая в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. 12. The name “electronics” is known to be derived from the word “electron”, the electron itself being the elementary particle of negative charge.
   13. The investigations being carried on in the field of physics, new possibilities for applying atomic energy are discovered.
   14. The electric field between the plates being altered, particles of a different velocity may be selected for more detailed study.
   15. The photoelectric current - as measured by means of a galvanometer - is directly proportional to the intensity of light.
   16. Electricity being a plaything in the laboratory in XIX century, Faraday‘s discoveries in the field of magnetism had not the slightest connection with everyday life.

Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с придаточными предложениями условия.

1. 17. If the capacity of an atomic power station is assumed to be one million kilowatts and its efficiency 25 per cent, only 500 kg of fuel will be required to ensure the operation of a reactors for 24 hours.
   18. If a color television receiver is tuned to the frequency of the monochrome transmitter, it will reproduce monochrome transmissions.
   19. If atom didn’t have planetary structure with neutral nucleus and negatively-charged electrons in the orbits, all alpha particles bombarding a sheet of gold foil would go though it.
   20. If the chain reaction speeds up, the cadmium rods will be inserted into the midst of the fission process and slow it down absorbing neutrons.
   21. If a person touches a live conductor with the current of 50 ma or more, it will result in an electric shock; that’s why you should deenergize the circuit before working with it.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод объектного и субъектного инфинитивных оборотов.

1. 22. The invention of an electronic tube by Thomas Edison in 1883 is stated to give birth to the modern electronic industry.
   23. The lightning rod invented by Benjamin Franklin proved to be the most efficient means of protection against the effects of lightning.
   24.  There were a lot of scientists in the past who thought electricity to be a sort of  a ‘fluid’ that flowed through wires as water flows through pipes.
   25. When Greek philosopher Thales one day rubbed a piece of amber against his sleeve, he discovered  amber to attract small bits of dried leaves.
   26. Scientists found out electricity to be made of tiny particles that they tried to separate in order to weigh a single particle of electricity and to calculate its electric charge.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.

1. 27. Without learning the nature of electromagnetic waves, no development of modern science and technology would be possible, and no modern means of communication would be available today.
   28. Franklin thought that atmospheric electricity in the clouds would charge the kite and come down the kite string to the key, and he was looking forward a thunderstorm in order to check his assumption.
   29. The use of lasers for power transmission over long distances would result in reducing the power losses; thus, many scientists all over the world are working at this problem.
   30. People didn’t suppose that electricity would play any important part in the everyday life, considering the former to be a very dangerous and useless scientific entertainment.
   31. Professor should have thought about the safety of his experiments in order not to get electric shock from a bare wire under voltage.

7. Переведите текст на русский язык.

"BREEDER" REACTOR

As time goes on, many new kinds of specialized reactors and giant proton synchrotrons (synchrophasotrons) for the nuclear research and power-related experiments have been designed and constructed. The type that is attracting the greatest attention and considerate interest of scientists is the so called "breeder" reactor, which ‘produces’ – to bу more precise, generates - its own atomic fuel faster than it uses the atomic fuel originally provided for its work from outside.

The "breeder" reactor uses enriched uranium. The fuel is made up of one part of Uranium-235, which features superactive fission, and three parts of Uranium-238, which does not fission.

The breeding process goes on as follows: the chain reaction releases neutrons, which split nuclei of Uranium-235 atoms. Every time the nucleus of a Uranium-235 atom fissions, approximately 2.5 new neutrons are released. One of these neutrons splits another Uranium-235 nucleus, keeping up the chain reaction. And that creates an ever-growing fission chain that develops and stimulates further substance modification and energy generation. ...