Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN"

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s. 1. The engine driver’s cab is equipped with new signaling devices. 2. On the first railways, there were no conductors and an engine driver collected the passengers’ fares himself. 3. The engineers continue to work on the problem of increasing passenger trains’ speed.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be 1. In Great Britain there is a left-hand traffic and a foreign driver must be very attentive. 2. How many stops will there be before the train reaches its destination? 3. There was a terrible rush( суматоха) at the station when I got there.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы. 1. They missed the last commuter train because of the traffic jam. 2. A dispatcher controls the movement of train over the definite section of track. 3. Moscow is a major transport junction. Over 300 long-distance and 2000 suburban trains depart from ten Moscow terminals daily. 

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы. 1. The air in the London Underground is changed every quarter of an hour. 2. The invention of the steam engine aroused great interest; it was much spoken and written about. 3. Most specialists consider that the trains of the future will be operated by automatic drivers.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения. 1. It is more convenient to carry these goods by lorry than by rail. 2.The trip by high-speed ferry from Helsinki to Tallin lasts an hour and a half, even faster than by plane. 3. Modern locomotives can haul the trains of 6.000 tons and heavier.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени. 1. Airplanes are (fast) but (expensive) means of transportation. 2. Construction of the permanent way became (easy) and (quick) after the invention of special track-laying machines and other equipment. 3. Passengers travelling from Moscow to Vladivostok move the hands of their watches seven times because the Trans-Siberian Mainline, (long) railway on our planet, crosses seven time zones.

VII. Перепишите и переведите текст. FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN The history of railways in Great Britain began in the second part of the 18th century. The first railways were horse-powered and were used for transporting coal, timber and ore. Later on, horse-powered railways appeared in large cities and were used as passenger transport. However, they did not last long. In 1763, James Watt invented the stationary steam engine and George Stephenson was one of the first who put a steam engine on wheels. He made a design of a locomotive but could not build it, as he had no money. Some businessmen decided to construct a railway between Stockton and Darlington with  to see how Stephenson’s locomotive worked. On the day when it was opened, a man on a horse went in front of the engine and shouted that the train was coming. Stephenson, who was running his locomotive, asked the horseman to go away. He put steam on and ran his locomotive at a speed of 12 miles per hour. It was the beginning of steam-powered railways....

VIII. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные утверждения. 1. The first horse-powered railways in Great Britain were used for transporting passengers in large cities. 2. The stationary steam engine was invented by James Watt. 3. The speed of the first Stephenson’s locomotive was 29 miles an hour. 4. The first Stephenson’s locomotive was tested on the Liverpool-Manchester Railway. 5. Stephenson received a prize of £500 for his locomotive the “Rocket”. 6. At first lots of people were afraid of the railways. 7. At the 19th century, the gauge of all railways was 4 feet 8½ inches. 8. Brunel suggested constructing railways with narrow gauge. 9. “The Battle of the Gauges” lasted more than 35 years. 10. Now, most railways in Britain have the standard gauge.