TEXT 6
 

THE WEATHER AND CLIMATE

The four seasons of the year are spring, summer, autumn (or fall) and winter. Each of them lasts three months.

Summer is the hottest season in our country and comes during the months of June, July and August. When summer comes, the weather gets warmer and sometimes it may be very hot. June is the busiest  month for students. It is an examination period. In summer they rest and work (if they can find work).  In summer people spend much of their time in the open. They find time to go to the forest or to swim in the river or in the lake. Most people have their vacations during the summer months.  They try to go to the mountains or to the sea, or travel to different parts of our country or abroad.

After summer comes autumn which lasts three months: September, October and November.  Some people like autumn better than any other season, especially so-called Indian summer (Golden autumn). It is the time when fruit and vegetables become ripe. It is a very beautiful time of the year when the weather is still warm and the leaves change their colour from green to yellow and red. The children return to school, the students to their colleges and institutes....
 

Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов, словосочентаний, фрагментов предложений:

Продолжается 3 месяца

самое жаркое время года

когда приходит лето

становится теплее

самый напряженный месяц для студентов

экзаменационная сессия

работают и отдыхают

проводят много времени на открытом воздухе

сходить в лес

поплавать в реке или озере

стараются уехать в горы или на море

некоторые любят осень больше других времен года

так называемое «Бабье лето»

поспевают овощи и фрукты

погода все еще теплая

листья меняют цвет

приходят ненастные дни

становится холоднее

опадает листва

улетаю в теплые страны птицы

светит солнце

Exercise 2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. How many seasons are there in a year? Name them.

2. Which month is the hottest in our country?

3. What month is the busiest for the students and why?

4. Do you spend much time in the open air in summer?

5. Where do people usually go on their summer vacations?

6. Why do some people like autumn better than any other season?

7. Where do children and students return to in autumn?

8. When do the leaves fall from the trees?

9. What month is the coldest?

10. Do you go in for winter sports?

11. When do the days become longer and the nights shorter?

12. Which season do you like best of all and why?

Exercise 3. Поставьте общие вопросы к подлежащим предложений:

1. Summer is the hottest season in our country.

2. The weather gets warm and sometimes it may be very hot.

3. Some people like autumn better than any other season.

4. June is the busiest month for the students.

5. The children return to school.

6. It gets colder and it rains hard.

7. Birds fly away to warmer countries.

8. The sun sets early and rises late.

9. The rivers and lakes are frozen.

10. The days become longer.

Exercise 4. Вставьте недостающие элементы предложений:

1. The four seasons of the year are……………………..
2. When summer ……………….. the weather gets ……………. and sometimes………………..
3. In summer people spend …………………in the………………….
4. After summer comes ………………… which has ………………….
5. The leaves  ………………….. from ………………… and cover ………………..
6. The coldest month is…………………
7. The sky is………………….
8. Our youth is fond of ………………… and spends ………………….
9. In spring the days become …………………
10. The birds …………………. from …………………. and make …………………..
11. The sky is usually …………………… and it is ………………….
    
     

TEXT 7
 

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

My native country is Russia. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies one seventh of the earth surface. It is situated both in Europe and Asia. The total area of the country is over 17 million square kilometres.  The country is washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic oceans. We  have borders with different  states: China, Mongolia, Korea, Finland, the former republics of the Soviet Union: Georgia, Belarus, the  Ukraine, the Baltic states. We  have also sea borders with  the USA and Japan.

There is no country in the world like Russia with the steppes in the South, plains in the and forests in the midland, tundra and  taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. There is a great number of rivers in Russia. The Volga, the longest river in Europe,  flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers – the Ob’, the Yenisey and the Lena flow from the south to the north. The deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, is also in Russia. The water in the lake is so clear that you can see the stones on the bottom...
 

Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и фрагментов фраз:

крупнейшая страна в мире

она занимает

страна омывается

у нас есть границы с…

степи на юге

множество рек

самая длинная в Европе река

текут с юга на север

самое глубокое озеро

вода такая чистая

из-за огромной территории

климат значительно отличается

парламентская республика

сильная президентская власть

глава государства

Государственная Дума

Совет Федерации

Россия богата  нефтью

Exercise 2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. How is your native country called?

2. Is Russia a large country?

3. What continent it is situated on?

4. How many oceans and seas is Russia washed by?

5. What states does Russia border on?

6. What Russian river is the longest in Europe?

7. What natural resources is Russia rich in?

8. What kind of state is Russia?

9. Who is the head of the state?

Exercise 3.  Поставьте вопросы к предложениям, начиная их со слов, данных в скобках:

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. (What country?)

The total area is over 17 million square kilometres. (What?)

There is a great number of rivers in Russia. (How many?)

The main Siberian rivers – the Ob’, the Yenisey and the  Lena flow from the south to the north.  (Where to?)

Because of the vast territory there are various types of climate in the country. (Why?)

The deepest lake in the world is the Baikal. (What lake?)

The capital of Russia is Moscow. (What city?)

Exercise 4. Вставьте недостающие элементы предложений:

The Russian Federation is the ………………….country …………………….

It is situated ……………………..

The country is washed by………………….

The climate varies greatly …………………

Russia is very rich in ………………….

Russia is a ……………………. republic with …………………..

The State ……………….. and the …………………… are the  legislative ……………………..

Moscow is the ………………….. political………………….

The national banner of ………………….. is………………

TEXT 8
 

MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural, economic, administrative and industrial centre of the country. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by prince Yuri Dolgoruki. Moscow is situated on both sides of the Moskva river. The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. The highest towers of the Kremlin are crowned with ruby stars. The Kremlin and Red Square  are the heart of Moscow.

The population of the capital is over 10 million. The city is reconstructing all the time. It is indeed a great construction site. Every day new buildings appear in the city.

Moscow is famous for its metro. It is comfortable and rapid. Every day millions of Muscovites and the guests of the capital  use this means of transport. The first line of the metro was constructed in 1935. Since that time Muscovites have built many new lines and terminals....
 

Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и фрагментов фраз:

столица нашей Родины

промышленный, культурный центр

была основана

находится на обоих берегах Москва-реки

город перестраивается

метро удобное и скоростное

была построена в 1935 году

местопребывание Академии Наук

огромный центр образования

высшее учебное заведение

научно-исследовательское учреждение

Москва – огромная строительная площадка

Exercise 2. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

What city is the capital of our Motherland?

When was Moscow founded?

Where is the Kremlin situated?

When was the first line of the Moscow underground constructed?

What institution is the heart of our educational system?

What famous art  galleries can you name?

Whom is the monument in Red Square constructed to?

Where do our governmental bodies sit?

What famous  Moscow theatres do you know?

Exercise 3.  Поставьте вопросы к следующим предложениям, начиная их со слов, данных в скобках:

Moscow is one of the oldest Russian cities. (What city?)

The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. (Which part?)

The population of Moscow is over 10 million. (How many people?).

The first line of the metro was constructed in 1935. (When?)

Moscow university on the Vorobyev Hill is the heart of our educational system. (What educational institution?)

Among them most well-known are the Pushkin Museum of Fne Arts and the Tretyakov Picture  gallery. (Which?)

Moscow is the seat of our Russian Parliament. (Where?).

It is a masterpiece of  Russian architecture, built in 1555-1560 by Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of Kasan. (Who?)

Exercise 4. Вставьте недостающие элементы предложений:

Red Square and the Kremlin are ………………..

St.Basil’s Cathedral is…on…of…

In front of the…………….there is a monument to………………..and……………….., defenders…………...

The Tretyakov……………………is devoted to………………….

In 1927 the Tretyakov………………..founded a department of …………………..

The …………………….to Pushkin, the……………………, was in…………………

The square, where…………………is named…………………

People like to ………………..

Moscow is famous all ……………….for its…………………. and art……………..…

 

TEXT 9

GREAT BRITAIN.

Great Britain occupies a large island to the West of Europe. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The total area of the United Kingdom is 244,000 square kilometres with a population of about 59 million.

The climate of the country is mild, typically maritime. The winters are warm, the summers are cool and the weather is very changeable.

There are many rivers and beautiful lakes in the country. The rivers in Britain are not very long but deep and never freeze in winter. Many of them are connected by canals. The longest river is the Severn...
 

Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и фрагментов фраз:

занимает большой остров

к западу от Европы

Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии

общая площадь

мягкий, типично морской

глубокие и никогда не замерзают зимой

погода очень изменчивая

города расположены на реках

расположен в долине реки Темза

город, где родился Шекспир

власть королевы ограничена Парламентом

высокоразвитая промышленная держава

около половины населения

судостроение

машиностроение

электротехника

главные отрасли промышленности

избираются члены Полаты Общин

места в Палате Лордов передаются по наследству

Exercise 2. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

Is Great Britain situated on the continent or on the islands?

How many parts are there in Great Britain?

What area does Great Britain occupy?

How many  people there live in the country?

Are the rivers in Great Britain long?

Which town is the birth-place of Shakespear?

What kind of state is Great Britain: a monarchy or a republic?

Who is the head of the state?

How many Houses are there in the Parliament of the country?

Is Great Britain an industrial or an agricultural country?

Which are the main branches of industry in the country?

Exercise 3. Поставьте общие вопросы к предложениям:

The climate of the country is mild.

The winters are warm.

Many large cities are situated on the rivers.

The power of the queen is limited by Parliament.

Almost half of Great Britain’s population is engaged in industry.

Members are elected only to the House of Commons.

Ministry is formed from the party in power.

The Prime-Minister is responsible for the policy conducted by Parliament.

Exercise 4.Вставьте недостающие элементы предложений, сделав перевод фрагментов в скобках:

Great Britain occupies …………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………..(большой остров к северо-западу от Европы).

(Страна занимает площадь) …………………………………………..244,000 square kilometres.

The  winters are warm, ……………………………………………………………………………………

(лето прохладное и погода очень изменчивая).

There are many rivers and ……………………………………………………………………………….

(прекрасных озер в стране).

London, the capital of Great Britain is …………………………………………………………………..

(расположен в долине реки Темза).

The Head of the state is the Queen, but ………………………………………………………………..

(власть королевы ограничена Парламентом).

Great Britain is a …………………………………………………………………………………………..

(высокоразвитая промышленная страна).

Parliament consists of …………………………………………………………………………………….

(Палата Общин и Палата Лордов).

………………………………………………………………………(Спикер председательствует в) the members of the House of Commons.

TEXT  10

 

LONDON – THE CAPITAL OF GREAT BRITAIN.

London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. It is a large industrial, political and cultural centre. It is the largest city in Europe and one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than  9 million people.

The city is very old. Its history goes back to Roman times: it is more than 20 centuries old.

Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the East End, Westminster. The parts are very different from each other.

The City is the oldest part of London, where nobody lives. It is the  financial, commercial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated there. Every morning over a million people come to work there....
 

Exercise 1. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и фрагментов фраз:

расположен на реке Темза

город делится  на несколько частей

коммерческий, деловой, финансовый  центр

большие океанские суда привозят грузы

крупнейший город Европы

отличаются друг от друга

район, где живут богатые люди

промышленный центр

туристы из различных стран

семьи рабочих

Exercise 2. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

Where is London situated?

Is London an old or a new city? How old is London?

How many parts is London divided into?

Which part of London is the oldest?

How many people come to work to the City every morning?

What is the role of the City in the country’s economy?

What district of London does the Queen live in?

Where are the Houses  of Parliament situated?

What district is the working heart of the capital?

Who was  Big Ben  named after?

When was St.Paul’s Cathedral built?

Exercise 3  Поставьте вопросы к предложениям, начиная их с вопросительных слов, данных в скобках:

In front of the Palace there stands the magnificent Queen Victoria Memorial. (Where?)

Westminster Abbey is famous for its architecture and historical associations. (What…for?)

The twin towers were designed by a famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren. (Who?)

The house was bought by George III in 1762 from the Duke of Buckingham. (When?)

The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. (What?)

London is very old. (How old?)

The West End is the district of the rich. (What?)

The port of London is also in the East End. (Where?)

The Houses of Parliament are known to be designed by Sir Charles Berry. (Who…by?)

Exercise 4. Вставьте недостающие элементы предложений, сделав перевод фрагментов в скобках:

It is a large ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(промышленный, политический и культурный центр).

The city is ……………………………………………………………………………….(очень старый).

Numerous ……………………………………….(банки, офисы и фирмы) are concentrated there.

It is the district of …………………………………………………..(фабрики, доки и рабочий люд).

London ………………………………………………………………….(не только большой город) but also ………………………………………(морской порт).

In the West End there are many …………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………(знаменитые музеи, театры, дворцы и парки).

The North or Clock tower …………………………………………(Вестминстерский дворец) is popularly known as …………………………………….(Большой Бен).

Every day ………………………………………………………………………………..(множество туристов из различных стран мира посещают Западный Лондон и его достопримечательности).