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1. Просмотрите ещё раз текст о Москве

Moscow is a capital of Russia, it’s political, economic, commercial and cultural center. It stands on the bank of the Moskva River. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier settlement. Gradually the city becomes more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16 century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state of Muscovy. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That’s why it became the main target of Napoleon’s attack. During the war of 1812 three quarters of the city were destroyed by fire, but by the middle of the 19 century Moscow was completely rebuilt. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital of Russia again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometers. Population of the city is over 12 million. Moscow is famous for its historical and architectural monuments that were built by outstanding architects and sculptors: Kazakov, Bazhenov, Martos and others.

One of the most beautiful places in Moscow is Red Square, located in the centre of the city. It is more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. It is the place of parades, meetings and demonstrations. Here one can see the Cathedral of St.Basil the Blessed, or St.Basil’s cathedral, erected by architects Postnik and Barma to commemorate Russia’s conquest (victory) over the Kazan Kingdom in 1552. It is a masterpiece of Russian architecture. Tourists can see the monument to Minin and Pozharsky designed by Ivan Martos in 1818 in memory of the Russian victory over the Polish invaders, the History Museum.

The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin, a wonderful architectural ensemble with fortress walls and 20 towers. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see 3 magnificent old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Grate, the Palace of Congress, the Tzar-Cannon and Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. The most famous of the towers is the Spasskaya Tower Kremlin tower, with a big clock. It has become a symbol of the country. The Kremlin with golden domes and towers makes a strong impression on tourists. One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Chamber. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catnerin the second and many other historical items are exhibited there.

The Alexander Garden with the Tomb of unknown Soldier is the place of memory.

Some Skyscrapers decorate Moscow including Moscow University, a palace of knowledge and students. Moscow is a scientific and cultural centre where there are a lot of institutes, universities, libraries, museums. Moscow is a city of the students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it.

The city leads a varied cultural life. It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre (Opera House), the Art Theatre, the Maly Theatre, Vakhtangov Theatre. Drama theaters and studios are very popular.

Muscovites are proud of their museums: the State Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, literary museums. There are more then 80 museums in Moscow. Crowds of people visit the Tretiakov Gallery admiring beautiful pictures of Russian painters.

Moscovites are fond of going in for sports also. There are a lot of stadiums, swimming-pools and sports ground. The citizens of Moscow spend their weekends in parks and gardens - the Park of Culture and Rest, Izmailovo, Sokolniki,

Moscovites do their best to create the atmosphere of the old times in their city with its unique monuments. Before the 850th anniversary of Moscow the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was completed. Moscow is the place where things are happening in all spheres of life.

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1. Is Moscow a capital or a central city of the Russian Federation?

2. Where does Moscow stand?

3. Who founded Moscow eight centuries ago?

4. Was Moscow a small frontier settlement?

5. What was Moscow in the thirteenth century?

6. When did Moscow become the capital of the new united state of Muscovy?

7. When did Peter the Great move the capital to St. Petersburg?

8. Is Moscow one of the largest cities in Europe now?

9. What is there in the centre of Moscow?

10. Where can we see the monument to Minin and Pozharsky?

11. Are there three or four old cathedrals on the territory of the Kremlin?

12. Is the Chamber a well-known museum or a Palace?

13. What is there in the Chamber?

14. Does Moscow lead a varied cultural or scientific life?

15. How many museums are there in the capital of Russia?

16. What parks and gardens are there in Moscow?

17. Is Moscow a commercial and a cultural centre?

18. Does Moscow stand on the bank of the Neva River?

19. Was Moscow a settlement or a village in 1147?

20. When was Moscow the centre of the struggle from the tartar joke?

21. Did Moscow become the capital of the new united state in the 16th century?

22. What is the population of Moscow?

23. Where can we see St. Basil’s cathedral?

24. What is the Kremlin?

25. What does the Spaskaya tower have?

26. Are there over 80 or 85 higher education institutions in Moscow?

27. What cultural places does Moscow have?

28. Why do crowds of people visit the Tretiakov Gallery?

29. Where do citizens go in for sport in Moscow?

30. How can you characterize the capital of the Russian Federation?

31. Is Red Square a special place for parades and demonstrations?

32. What is a masterpiece of Russian architecture?

33. Where are the Palace of Congress, the Tsar-Cannon and Bell?

34. What is a symbol of Moscow and our country?

35. Where is the place of memory in Moscow?

36. What is the heart of Moscow?

37. Is the Chamber or the Tsar Cannon one of the well-known Kremlin museums?

38. What is there in the Chamber?

39. What is Moscow famous for?