Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Придаточные предложения, герундий"

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните инфинитив - одной чертой, причастие - двумя чертами, герундий - волнистой линией. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 1. In his early youth, Faraday had to save money to buy the apparatuses and instruments necessary for his experiments.
   2. We know him to have taken interest in many scientific and technical issues of his period.
   3. After a while, Faraday set to work on another important problem, that of magnetism and its effects.
   4. Electricity was thought to be ‘rays’ or ‘stream’ that passed from the material being rubbed.
   5. It was Humphry Davy, an outstanding British scientist and the most popular lecturer in London, who helped Faraday to become an assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute.
   6. To make up a pound of electric particles would take more of those particles than there are drops of water in the Atlantic Ocean.

2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода бессоюзных подчинений.

1. 1. The computers provide the services we can’t imagine our life without, for instance Internet, mobile telephony, digital cameras, etc.
   2. The properties of the semi-conducting materials the microprocessor technology is based on were discovered only in the middle of the XX century.
   3. Franklin solved the problem of lightning formation a lot of researches had been trying to solve before.
   4. Electron digital computers perform both arithmetical and logical operations with speed and accuracy people can’t achieve.
   5. The elementary particles the atom consists of are negatively charged electrons in set orbits around the nucleus, positively charged protons and neutral neutrons making up the nucleus.

3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая различая в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. 1. Being a young man, Yablochkov decided to give up a most brilliant career for a hard life of an inventor and a researcher.
   2. Getting no aid from the government, Prof. Garry Lowland had to spend all he had on his experiments.
   3. While making a series of experiments with the induction coil, he found out that the alternating current had many advantages over the direct current.
   4. Having discovered that carbon filaments were not efficient enough, Lodygin tried to find some other material, more suitable for the purpose.
   5. If placed in an evacuated glass bulb and  heated by electric current, a tungsten filament presents the most suitable material for an incandescent lamp.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с придаточными предложениями условия.

1. 1. If the properties of semiconductors hadn’t been discovered, the fast development of radio engineering, automatics, chemistry, electronics and many other fields of modern science and technology would have been impossible.
   2. Faraday knew that if the current flew through the copper wire wound around an iron core, the iron would turn into the magnet.
   3. If the same quantity of electricity passes through different electrolytes, the weights of substances liberated will be in the ratio of their equivalent weights.
   4. If Ampere hadn’t paid attention to Oerstaed’s experiments, he wouldn’t have discovered the law we know now as Ampere’s rule.
   5. If the alternating current is applied to the cathode, the tube will conduct only during one half of each cycle, i.e. while the cathode is negative and the anode or the  plate is positive.

5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод объектного и субъектного инфинитивных оборотов.

1. 1. The most famous scientists, Lomonosov and Franklin happened to make their experiments in the field of atmospheric electricity at about the same time.
   2. Some scientists abroad are said to have attacked Franklin’s point of view on the electric nature of the lightning phenomenon.
   3. All the man’s knowledge in the field of electricity is known to have been obtained by different scientists during the past 400 years or so.
   4. A fuse is known to include a wire made of metal with low melting point, which is heated sufficiently to melt by the excessive current passing through the circuit and, thus, breaks the circuit.
   5. Some types of reactors are reported to produce more nuclear fuel during their operation than they consume.

6. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.

1. 1. Faraday suggested that when the current flew through the copper wire wound around an iron core, the iron would turn into the magnet.
   2. The founders of Microsoft realized that personal computers would be much better if users could program them in BASIC - a popular user-friendly computer language - instead of machine code.
   3. Before engineers begin to construct any transmission line, they should take into consideration the safety of the environment it will run through.
   4. You should connect the metal parts of the installation under voltage with ground by means of safety earthening to reduce the danger of electric shock.
   5. All the visitors of the agricultural exhibition were invited to see the new installation in action.

7. Переведите текст на русский язык.

SEMICONDUCTORS

The term "Semiconductors" means "half-conductors", that is, a material the conductivity of which ranges between that of conductors and non-conductors (or insulators, as they are most of the time called by practicing power engineers). They include a great variety of basic elements (silicon, germanium, selenium, phosphorus and others), many chemical compounds and complexes (oxides, sulphides, etc.), as well as numerous ores and minerals.

While the conductivity of metals is very little influenced by temperature, the conductivity of semiconductors increases sharply with their heating, and it falls abruptly with their cooling. This co-relative dependence has opened great prospects for employing semiconductor in measuring instruments, that operate basing on recent scientific researches and modern energy techniques. ...