Эссе на тему: "Young people generally don pay enough attention to their health and fitness"

Vocfiles to sumbit:
Student’s book Phrasal verbs p. 111 ex. 1, 2. – Женя
Idioms Unit 32 – Максим
Unit 29 Medicine and Technology pp. 64-65 ex. 29.1, 29.2 – Дима
Unit 37 Money (Collocations in Use)
Яна, Женя
spend money (on) (COLL, PREP) - give money as payment for something
Eх.: Juan spends a lot of money on travelling.
save money (COLL) - keep money for use in the future
Ex.: We’re saving a little money each month to buy a new car next year.
waste/squander money (on) (COLL, PREP) - spend money in a bad way; squander is stronger and is only used about large sums of money
Ex.: Sara wasted/squandered all her money on clothes and fast cars.
change money (COLL) - exchange one currency for another, e.g. dollars for euros
Ex.: You can change some money at the airport.
throw money around (COLL) - spend money in an obvious and careless way on unnecessary things
Ex.: If Jim keeps on throwing his money around like that, he soon won’t have any left.
throw money at (COLL, PREP) - spend a lot of money, possibly more than necessary, trying to solve a problem
Ex.: The government think they can solve the problem by throwing money at it.
donate money (to) (COLL, PREP) - give money to help society in some way
Ex.: The business donates a lot of money each year to charity.
Price (TERM) – the amount of money for which something is sold
High/low price (COLL)
Ex.: They may pay a high price for their few years of glory.
Increase (SP) – to (make something) become larger in amount or size
Ex.: Food prices increased by 10 percent in less than a year.
Rock-bottom price (COLL, SP) – the lowest possible level of price
Ex.: bargain holidays at rock-bottom prices!
Prices soar (COLL) – price go up very fast
Ex.: The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.
Ridiculous price (COLL, SP) - Much too cheap or much too expensive
Ex.: The price is totally ridiculous.
Money is tight (COLL, IDIOM) – there isn’t much money
Ex.: Money was tight and he needed a job badly.
Big money (COLL) – A lot of money
Ex.: Like most major issues where big money is involved, neither party is exactly a profile in courage.
In short supply (IDIOM, PREP) – only available in small amountsEx.: Certainly fresh, new ideas were in short supply during the sessions I attended.
Seriously rich (COLL) – Very rich
Ex.: They stand to become seriously rich if the venture succeeds.
A steady income (COLL) – the money that you earn from your work and that comes regularly
Ex.: The only ones with a steady income were teachers, storekeepers and local officials.
Earn a good salary (COLL) - to get good money for your work
Ex.: She’s now earning a good salary as an interpreter.
Make money (COLL) – to earn money
Ex.: Soon we were making more money than the car company was losing.
Make a withdrawal (COLL, SP) – take money out of the bank
Ex.: Customers can use the machine to make withdrawals of up to £250 a day.
WF: withdraw (v) - withdrawal
Get a really good deal (COLL) - get a bargain; buy something at a good price
Ex.: He thought he had got a good deal.
Going cheap (COLL) - selling for a low price
Ex.: He bought me some CDs which were going cheap.
Be tied up (PHR, PREP) – if your money is tied up in something, it is all being used for that thing and is not available for anything else
Ex.: My money’s all tied up in the house.
Small fortune (COLL, SP) – a large sum of money
Ex.: He made a small fortune selling property in Spain.
Unit 40 Money (Voc in Use Upper-Intermediate)
Кирилл
Current account (TERM, COLL) - account you use for most everyday business
Ex.: She opened a current account with an online bank.
Interest rates (TERM, COLL) - percentage which the bank pays you based on how much you have in your account
Ex.: The government may cut interest rates to boost growth.
Overdraft facility (TERM, COLL, SP) – permission to have a negative amount of money in your account
Ex.: Many students have a free overdraft facility.
WF: overdraft - overdrawn
Consolidate (SP) – join together to make one (payment, debt, companies etc.)
Ex.: The company has been growing too rapidly and it is now time to stop the expansion and consolidate.
WF: consolidate – consolidation
Debt (TERM) – a sum of money that a person or organization owes
Ex.: He had to borrow money to pay off his gambling debts
WF: debt – debtor (a person who owes money)
Payment (TERM, SP) – the act of paying something
Ex.: Goods will be delivered on receipt of payment.
WF: pay – payable (=must be paid) – payment)
Credit limit (TERM, COLL) – the maximum amount of money you may spend on your card
Ex.: One lender gave her a €9,000 credit limit.
Competitive (SP) – as good as or better than other banks
Ex.: We have to invest in new technology if we are to remain competitive.
WF: competitive – competitively – competitiveness – competitor
Mortgage (TERM, SP) – a loan used usually to buy a house
Ex.: People who default on their mortgage repayments may have their home repossessed.
WF: mortgage – mortgagee (=a person that lends money to people to buy property) – mortgagor (=a person who borrows money from a bank or other organization in order to buy property)
Deposit (TERM, SP) – money you pay before buying something to show you really want to buy it
Ex.: The bus deposited me miles from anywhere.
Repayment (TERM, SP) – payment to reduce the amount you owe
Ex.: The bank demanded immediate repayment.
WF: repay – repayable (=such money has to be paid back by a particular time) - repayment
Raise money / funds (COLL) – to collect money that you can use to do a particular job or help people
Ex.: A concert to raise money for charity.
Outgoings (TERM, SP) – money you pay each month, e.g. rent, cost of running a car, etc. (used in plural!)
Ex.: List all your outgoings for a month
Expense (TERM, SP) – money you spend on things
Ex.: We had to get a loan to pay for my husband’s medical expenses
Direct debit (TERM, COLL) – money taken automatically from your account, e.g. to pay bills, a mortgage, etc. the bank debits (verb) your account for the necessary sums of money
Ex.: To date, over £300 million has been collected from the self-employed through the monthly direct debit facility and the quarterly collection method.
Credit rating (TERM, COLL) – judgement made by a bank about how likely someone is to pay back money that they borrow
Ex.: Late payments give you a bad credit rating
To finance (SP) – find the money needed to pay for it
Ex.: The concerts are financed by the Arts Council.
To open savings account (COLL) – account where you put money you do not immediately need
Ex.: Students are being encouraged to open a savings account and manage their money.
To transfer (SP) – move money from one account to another
Ex.: I’d like to transfer $500 to my checking account.
WF: transfer (v) – transfer (n)
In credit (PREP) – has a positive amount of money in it
Ex.: I was relieved to see from my statement that my account was in credit
Overdrawn (SP) – has a negative amount of money in it
Ex.: Banking is free as long as the account is no more than £100 overdrawn.
In the red (PREP, IDIOM) – have a negative amount of money in your account
Ex.: This is the airline’s fourth straight year in the red.
In the black (PREP, IDIOM) – to have money in your bank account
To charge interest (COLL) – make you pay a percentage of the amount
Ex.: If you want to get out of the scheme, you will be charged three month's interest payments as a penalty.
Cash machine (TERM) – a machine where you can withdraw money
Ex.: This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a day from cash machines.
Online banking / Internet banking (TERM, COLL) – a service provided by banks so that people can find out information about their bank account, pay bills etc. using the Internet
Ex.: Several of the major banks now offer free online banking for small businesses.
Income tax (TERM, COLL) – tax collected on wages and salaries
Ex.: Changes in technology and in the income tax rate are reflected in the labor/leisure choice, rather than in the output growth rate.
Inheritance tax (TERM, COLL) – tax collected on money people get from people who have died
Ex.: If you are a UK resident, you are liable to inheritance tax on your assets worldwide.
WF: heir – inherit – inheritance
Customs (or excise) duty (TERM, COLL, SP) – paid on goods imported from other countries; airports usually have duty free shops
Ex.: The government is raising customs duties.
VAT (value added tax) (TERM) – tax paid on most goods and services
Ex.: There was a protest against charging VAT on books.
Corporation tax (TERM, COLL, SP) – companies pay tax on their profit
Ex.: As a charity they do not pay corporation tax on profits.
Idioms Unit 24 Money (Idioms in Use Int)
Влад
Be on the breadline – a very low level of income that allows people to eat but not have any extra things
Ex.: More people in Britain are on the breadline now than thirty years ago.
live in the lap of luxury – live an extremely comfortable life, because you have a lot of money.
Ex.: We live simply during the year but enjoy living in the lap of luxury in a nice hotel.
well off/ well-to-do/well-heeled – having plenty of money
Ex.: Most people living here are clearly very well-to-do, but there are a few poorer families.
spend money like water – spend too much, often without thinking about it
Ex.: He spends money like water – I wonder where he gets it all from.
tighten your belt – spend less than you did before, because you have less money.
Ex.: I am afraid we’ll have to tighten our belts now there’s another mouth to feed.
make a killing – earn a lot of money very easily
Ex.: The new Internet companies have made an instant killing.
be a money spinner – be a successful way of making money
Ex.: My dog-walking business was quite a money spinner when a I was at college.
pay through the nose (PREP) – pay a lot of money
Ex.: We had to pay through the nose to get our car repaired, but at least it’s working now.
Rip-off – something that is not worth what you pay for it
Ex.: $300 for that shirt? - That's a complete rip-off.
a small fortune – a lot of money
Ex.: We had to spend a small fortune on getting everything we needed for our holiday.
Make a small fortune – earn a lot of money
Lose a small fortune – lose a lot of money
pick up the tab/bill (PREP) – pay for something, often something that is not your responsibility.
Ex.: Joe is generous man who is happy to pick up the tab/bill for anything.
at a considerable price (PREP) – by sacrificing a lot or by doing something unpleasant in order to get it.
Ex.: He managed to rise to the top of his profession in the police force, but it was at a considerable price.
put paid to smth – to spoil and end your hopes or plans completely
Ex.: A car accident put paid to his chances of taking part in the race.
Pay the price – experience the unpleasant consequences because you have done smth wrong, made a mistake etc.
Ex.: Joe is paying the price for his ambitiousness as his marriage has now broken up.
Phrasal verbs Unit 36
Кирилл
Bail (someone) out (PHR) – help a person or organization to get out of difficulty by giving them money
Ex.: Some local businesses have offered to bail out the museum.
Run through (PHR) – spent a lot very quickly
Ex.: I’ve run through a huge amount of money without realizing it.
Cough up (PHR) – give someone money, information etc. when you do not really want to
Ex.: Insurance companies had to cough up $10 million in storm damage claims.
Work off (PHR) – reduce the size of a debt by earning money to pay for it
Ex.: She hasn’t worked off her debts to me yet.
Gobble up (PHR) – to quickly use a lot of something, especially money
Ex.: The mounting legal costs quickly gobbled up their savings.
Break into (PHR) – to start to spend money that you did not want to spend
Ex.: I don’t want to break into my savings unless I have to.
Put by (PHR) – to save money regularly in order to use it later
Ex.: I try to put by a few pounds every week.
Set (someone) back (PHR) – to cost a particular amount of money, usually a large amount
Ex.: This jacket set me back over $800.
Clean (someone) out (PHR) – if smth expensive cleans you out, you spend so much money on it that you now have very little left
Ex.: Our trip to Paris cleaned us out.
Square up (PHR) – pay somebody the money that you owe them
Ex.: I’ll pay for the drinks and you can square up later.
Come into (PHR) – get money from someone who died
Ex.: She came into a bit of money when her grandfather died.
Roll in (PHR) – to happen or arrive in large number or quantities
Ex.: Once our business gets started, the money will be rolling in.
Plough back (PHR) – to use money that you have earned from a business to make the business bigger and more successful
Ex.: All the profits are being ploughed back into the company.
Put aside (PHR) – save money for a particular purpose
Ex.: I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.
Rent out (PHR) – to let someone live in a house, room etc. that you own, or use your land, in return for money
Ex.: She rents out two rooms to students.
Carry forward (PHR) – to include an amount of money in a later set of figures or calculations
Ex.: If you’re unable to pay everything in the same month, we’ll arrange for your payments to be carried forward to the next month.
Pay in / into – to put money in your bank account
Ex.: I’ve paid $250 into my account.
Scrape by (PHR) – to have just enough money to live
Ex.: Even with both of us working, we earn just enough to scrape by.
Chip in (PHR) – if each person in a group chips in, they each give a small amount of money so that they can buy something together
Ex.: We all chipped in to buy Amy a graduation present.
Rake in (PHR) – to earn or get a large amount of moneyEx.: He rakes in over $200,000 a year.
Cash up (PHR) – to count all the money taken by a shop or business at the end of each dayEx.: When she had cashed up, she realized there was £100 missing from the till.
Stake on (PHR) – to risk harming or losing something important if an action, decision, or situation does not have the result you want or expect
Ex.: Jim staked his whole fortune on one card game.
Test your Voc – Unit 48 (Money words)
Герман
Affluent (SP) – having a lot of money
Ex.: affluent families/neighbourhoodsBargain (TERM, SP) – something that is sold for less than its usual price or its real value
Ex.: At $8.95, it's a bargain.
Commission (TERM, SP) – a payment given to someone when they sell something, which is directly related to the amount they sell
Ex.: The staff receive 5% commission on everything that they sell.
Discount (TERM, SP) – a reduction in price
Ex.: They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
Duty (TERM, SP) – a tax that you pay on things you import into a country
Ex.: With the duty, these alcohol drinks are very expensive
Fare (TERM, SP) – the price that you pay to travel on an aircraft, train, bus, etc
Ex.: air/train fares
Fee (TERM, SP) – an amount of money that you pay to do something, to use something, or to get a service
Ex.: an entrance fee / university feesFine (TERM, SP) – an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law:
Ex.: The maximum penalty for the offence is a $1,000 fine.
Inheritance (TERM, SP) – money or possessions that someone gives you when they die
Ex.: Nick has sold off much of his inheritance
Interest (TERM) – the extra money that you must pay to a bank, company, etc which has lent you money
Ex.: low interest rates
Poverty (TERM, SP) – the state of being very poor
Ex.: to live in poverty
Ransom (TERM, SP) – the money that is demanded for the return of someone who is being kept as a prisoner
Ex.: The kidnappers were demanding a ransom of $250,000.
Refund (TERM, SP) – an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with something you have bought
Ex.: The travel company apologized and gave us a full refund.
Reward (TERM, SP) – money that the police give to someone who gives them information about a crime
Ex.: "And now... I suppose you want your reward."
Royalties (TERM, SP) – money that is paid to a writer, actor, etc each time their work is sold or performed
Ex.: He could receive as much as $1 million in royalties over the next six years.
Unit 28 Health and medicine (Voc in Use Upper-Intermediate)
Влад
Rash (TERM) - A group of small, red spots on the skin
Ex.: Certain foods give him a rash.
Bruise (TERM, SP)- A dark area on your skin where you have been hurt
Ex.: He suffered cuts and bruises after falling off his bike.
WF: bruise (noun) – bruise (verb)
Lump (TERM) - a small hard swollen area that sticks out from someone’s skin or grows in their body, usually because of an illness
Ex.: She found a lump in her breast.
Spot (TERM) - An unpleasant, small, red mark on your skin
Ex.: He suffered badly with spots as a teenager.
A black eye (COLL)- e.g. after being hit in the eye
Ex.: Jack had a black eye after fight.
Indigestion (TERM, SP) – pain that you get when your stomach cannot break dow food that you have eaten
Ex.: You'll give yourself indigestion if you swallow your dinner so quickly.
WF: digest – digestion – indigestion – digestible - indigestible
Sickness (TERM) - the feeling that you are about to bring up food from your stomach, or the act of bringing food up (=nausea)
Ex.: Liam has suffered violent sickness and diarrhoea.
WF: sick – sickness
Diarrhoea (TERM, SP) – an illness in which waste from the bowels is watery and comes out often
Ex.: Liam has suffered violent sickness and diarrhoea.
Sore throat (COLL) – such throat is painful because of infection or because you have used a muscle too much
Ex.: She has a sore throat and a fever.
Blood pressure (COLL) – the force with which blood travels through your body
Ex.: The nurse will take your blood pressure in a moment.
Sunburn (TERM)- Redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
Ex.: A long day at the beach gave him a bad sunburn.
WF: sun + burn; sunburned (or sunburnt)
Backache (TERM, SP) – Pain in the back
Ex.: Gardening gives me such backache.
WF: back + ache
Earache (TERM) - Pain in the ear
Ex.: Denny has an earache.
WF: ear + ache
Virus (TERM) – An infectious organism too small to be seen that causes disease, or an illness that it causes
Ex.: The doctor says I've got a virus.
Ache (SP) - To be in pain or distress.
Ex.: My legs ache after all that exercise.
Itch (SP) - To have or cause an uncomfortable feeling on the skin that makes you want to rub it with your nails
Ex.: Woollen sweaters make my arms itch.
WF: itch – itchy – itchiness
Tremble (SP) - To shake slightly, especially because you are nervous, frightened, or cold
Ex.: Her bottom lip trembled, and tears welled up in her eyes.
Shiver (SP) - To shake because you are cold or frightened
Ex.: She shivers with cold.
WF: shiver – shivery
Hurt (SP) - To feel pain in a part of your body, or to injure someone or cause them pain:
Ex.: Emma hurt her back when she fell off her horse.
Get over (PHR) - To begin to feel better after being unhappy or sick
Ex.: It took her months to get over the shock of Richard leaving.
Dizzy (SP) - Feeling like everything is turning around, so that you feel sick or as if you might fall
Ex.: I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award.
WF: dizzy – dizzily – dizziness
Exhausted (SP) - Extremely tired
Ex.: By the time they reached the summit they were exhausted.
WF: exhaust – exhausted – exhausting – exhaustion
Lose smb’s appetite (COLL) – when you do not want to eat
Ex.: I’ve lost my appetite.
Pick up a bug (COLL, PHR, PREP) - catch a virus or infection
Ex.: I think I’ve picked up a bug somewhere.
Break smb’s wrist (COLL) – Have a wrist injury
Ex.: I’ve broken my wrist.
Sprain smb’s ankle (COLL) – Have an ankle injury
Ex.: I’ve sprained my ankle.
Dislocate smb’s shoulder (COLL) – have a shoulder injury
Ex.: I’ve dislocated my shoulder.
Die of a heart attack (COLL, PREP) – Die of a serious medical condition in which the heart does not get enough blood
Ex.: She died of a heart attack.
Contract (TERM) – to get an illness
Ex.: He contracted AIDS.
Suffer a stroke (COLL) – to suffer a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, which can cause a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body; infml = ‘have’
Ex.: My uncle suffered a stroke.
Teaspoonful (TERM, SP) - The amount a teaspoon can hold
Ex.: Take a teaspoonful of medicine last thing at night.
Bandage (TERM, SP) - A long piece of soft cloth that you tie around an injured part of the body
Ex.: We’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on your wrist.
WF: bandage (noun) – bandage (verb)
Injection (TERM, SP) - An act of putting a drug into someone's body using a special needle
Ex.: You’ll need to have some injections before you go to the Amazon.
WF: inject – injection
Operation (TERM, SP) - To treat an illness or injury by cutting someone's body and removing or repairing part of it
Ex.: I’m afraid you’re going to need an operation.
WF: operate – operation
Plaster (TERM) - If your arm or leg is in plaster, it is covered in a hard, white substance to protect a broken bone.
Ex.: You’ll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break mends.
WF: plaster (noun) – plaster (verb)
Tablet (TERM) - A small, round object containing medicine that you swallow
Ex.: I’m going to give you some tablets - take one in the morning and one at night.