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Read and translate the text.

Since the earliest days the preparation of metals for mechanical use was vital to the advance of civilization.

Gold, silver and copper were the first to be used by a primitive man, as they were found free in nature. Today we know more than sixty-five metals available in large enough quantities to be used in industry.

Metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperatures and possess comparatively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part good conductors of heat and electricity, and silver is the best in this respect. They are sure to be drawn into fine wires and hammered into thin sheets.

As to their chemical properties the first point to be mentioned is that they vary widely in degree of chemical activity: some are enormously active and others are inert. The Earth contains a large number of metals useful to man. Of all metals to be utilized in industry iron remains by far the most important. Modem industry needs considerable quantities of this metal either in the form of iron or steel.

To get the desirable characteristics in metals or to improve them the art to mix metals and other substances began to develop. The first alloys proved to be formed in this way to be sometimes stronger, tougher, harder and more elastic than the metals of which they were composed. To estimate nowadays how many alloys there exist in the modern world is difficult because their numbers increase daily.

Today all - transportation, communication, farming, construction and manufacturing considered to depend on the availability of suitable metals and alloys.

2. Выпишите из вышеприведенного текста 3 предложения, где присутствует Complex Subject и выделите 3 случая его использования.

3. Приведите свои 2 примера использования Complex Object ( с использованием частицы to и без использования частицы to).

4. Переведите следующие предложения и составьте 5 вопросов к каждому из 5 предложений (всего 15):

1. They will be asked at the next lesson.

2. We have been told the news just now.

3. He is offered some interesting work.

5.Переведите предложения, определив, где инфинитив является частью сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject), где частью сложного дополнения (The Complex Object), а где простым инфинитивом, указав его форму, функцию и залог.

1.Периодическая система Менделеева, как известно, была предсказана давно.

2.Предсказание периодической системы – не простая задача.

3.Менделеев не ожидал, что периодическая система будет им предсказана.

4.Студенты, вероятно, знают периодическую систему Менделеева.

5.Оказывается, что периодическая система была предсказана Менделеевым. (The Periodic System).

6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя сложное подлежащее (The Complex Subject), сложное дополнение (The Complex Object) или инфинитив, указав его форму, функцию и залог.

1. Считают, что электронная структура атомов определяет свойства металлов.

2. Для того, чтобы понять это, нужно знать электронную структуру атомов.

3. Мы видели, что студенты сдали химию.

4. Вероятно, металлы ускоряют процесс окисления.

5. Металлы, оказалось, ускоряют процесс окисления.

7.Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение.

E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me. My brother wanted me to bring him a book.

1. The teacher said to the pupils: "Learn the rule." — The teacher wanted ...

2. "Be careful, or else you will spill the milk," said my mother to me. — My mother did not want...

3. "My daughter will go to a ballet school said the woman. — The woman wanted...

4. The man said: "My son will study mathematics." — The man wanted ...

8. Переведите на русский язык, определите функцию инфинитива.

1. This metal is too brittle to be hammered.

2. Dissimilar metals and alloys are joined to get the final product qualities of each component. Metals

and alloys to be joined are close together and are subjected to pressure and shock waves.

3. To strengthen metals is to reinforce them with fibers.

4. To produce changes in physical state a considerable amount of energy must be supplied to metal.

5. A very good practice is to introduce the best scientific inventions industry.

Read and translate the text.

Not long ago computers appeared to be less reliable and comparatively slow in operation. Since then, several generations of complex electronic computing equipment have been developed, each being significantly better than the one before it. Almost every day a new use is known to be found for these astonishing devices to help man.

We know a computer to be a complex electronic device that can store and process vast quantities of information. Following instructions, computing equipment are likely to perform calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and provide the answers to a large variety of problems in a tiny fraction of time.

A computer is known to be the "heart" of an electronic data processing system, other parts of equipment being auxiliary. There are two main types of computing equipment — digital and analogue.

Looking to the future, computer makers see no end to the things they would like to accomplish. The computer of the future seems to be developed by using bionics — biological functions of plants and animals — as a guide in designing electronic circuits.

Nowadays computer makers are working at the problem of introducing small computers into our everyday life making them personal. They are trying to develop a computer that will understand human language.Each new generation of computers opens up new possibilities for basic and applied research.

2. Выпишите из вышеприведенного текста предложения, где присутствует Complex Subject и Complex Object, описывая данные грамматические явления.

Например: The helium atom was found to have two electrons. (Complex Subject 1 случай)

3. Приведите свои 2 примера использования Complex Object ( с использованием частицы to и без использования частицы to).

4. Переведите следующие предложения и составьте 5 вопросов к каждому из 5 предложений (всего 15):

1. They will be tested at the next lesson.

2. We have been explained the news just now.

3. He was offered to find ways of translating.

5.Переведите предложения, определив, где инфинитив является частью сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject), где частью сложного дополнения (The Complex Object), а где простым инфинитивом, указав его форму, функцию и залог.

1. Ученые, как известно, используют новые технологии.

2. Мы ожидали, что ученый будет использовать эти термины в своем докладе.

3. Изучение всех терминов - трудная задача для студентов.

4. Студент слышал, что профессор использовал этот термин.

5. Ученые из России, вероятно, будут на этой конференции.

6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее:

1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year.

2. You are supposed to graduate in four years.

3. Students are supposed to perform their reports at the conference.

4. Radium is said to be very radioactive

5. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory.

6. His invention is considered to be of great importance.

7. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases

8. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year.

9. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages.

10. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible.

7.Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение.

E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me. My brother wanted me to bring him a book.

1. "Do the homework in English," my father said to me. — My father wanted ...

2. "Oh, father, buy me this toy, please," said the little boy. -The little boy wanted ...

3. "Wait for me after school," said Ann to me. — Ann wanted ...

4. "Fix the shelf in the kitchen," my father said to me. — My father wanted ...

8. Переведите на русский язык, определите функцию инфинитива.

1. Above certain critical temperature, changes begin to take place in the molecular structure of a metal.

2. To prepare metals for practical use requires much knowledge and experience.

3. The aim of any research is to enlarge the possibilities which are offered by modern science.

4. In order to prevent corrosion, metals to be used in industry must be covered with special paint.

5. It is difficult to define what an amorphous material is. It may be composed of crystals which are too small to be detected.