Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "SMART MATERIALS"

Read the following sentences below (1-3). What does the word ‘smart’ mean in each of the sentences: ‘clever’, ‘fashionable’, or ‘formal’?

1. He wore a smart suit to the meeting.

2. She’s the smartest girl in the class.

3. They stayed in a smart hotel in New York.

II. a) Look at the title of the text. Do you think the materials are clever, fashionable, or formal?

b) Read the text and check.

SMART MATERIALS

Smart – or shape memory – materials are an invention that has changed the world of engineering. There are two types: metal alloys and plastic polymers. The metal alloys were made first and they are usually an expensive mixture of titanium and nickel.

Shape memory materials are called ‘smart’ because they react to changes in their environment, for example:
plastics that return to their original shape when the temperature changes.
One use is in surgery where plastic threads ‘remember’ the shape of a knot, react to the patient’s body temperature and make themselves into stitches....
 

III. Find in the text the equivalents with the following meanings in Russian:

• появились первыми

• дорожная смесь

• изначальная форма

• температура человеческого тела

• помещать внутрь

• небольшой надрез

• возможные способы использования

• человеческое воображение

• незначительное повреждение

IV. Read the text again and choose the correct answers for questions (1-4) below.

1. Smart materials change when:
   a) the weather changes.
   b) something affects them.
   c) the light is switched on.

2. Plastic threads are used for:
   a) sewing.
   b) stitching.
   c) knitting.

3. Medical implants made from shape memory alloys are good because:
a) they save lives.
b) they change colour.
c) they are easy to put in.
........
 

V. Complete the definitions (1-8) below with the highlighted words in the text.

1. An __________ is something medical that is put inside the body, for example a heart valve.

2. You need a good __________ to think of new and interesting ideas.

3. The __________ means the first or earliest.

4. __________ are materials made from mixing two metals.

5. To __________ means to become bigger.

6. To __________ means to change because something else happens.

7. The __________ is everything around a person or thing.

8. To __________ means to make smaller.

VI. Read the following text and fill in the gaps using the words given in boxes:

temperature
materials
types
magnetic properties

SMART MATERIALS (1)

Smart materials are (1) __________ that have one or more (2) __________ that can be significantly changed in a controlled manner by external stimulation, such as stress, (3) __________, moisture, pH, electric or (4) __________ fields.

There are different (5) __________ of smart materials, some of which are already common. Some examples are as follows:....

VII. Read the text and fill in the gaps. Use the words given in box:

 

SMART MATERIALS (2)

Science and (1) technology have made amazing developments in the (2) design of electronics and machinery using standard materials, which do not have particularly (3) special properties (i.e. steel, aluminum, gold). Imagine the range of possibilities, which exist for special materials that have properties scientists can manipulate. Some such materials have the ability to change (4) shape or size simply by adding a little bit of heat, or to change from a liquid to a (5) solid almost instantly when near a magnet. These materials are called (6) smart materials....

 

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