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What is “Management” and what is “Manager”?

1. Read and translate the text using the dictionary.

There are a variety of views about this term. Traditionally, the term "management" refers to the set of activities, and often to the group of people, involved in four general functions, including planning, organizing, leading and coordinating activities. All these four functions are highly integrated and interrelated.

Some writers, teachers and practitioners say that the above view is rather out-of-date and that management needs to focus more on leadership skills, e.g., establishing vision and goals, communicating the vision and goals, and guiding others to accomplish them. They also say that leadership must be more facilitating, participative and empowering in how visions and goals are established and carried out. Some people say that this really isn't a change in the management functions but a new look at certain aspects of management.

Another common view is that "management" is getting things done through others. Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employee's efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations.

To most employees, the term "management" probably means the group of people (executives and other managers) who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization. In nonprofit organizations, the term "management" might refer to all or any of the activities of the board, executive director and/or program directors.

2. Fill in the word web “What does the term “management” refer to?”

Management

3. Fill in the left column of the table “What are views on the term “management”?” Who can say so? Match the columns

4. Read and translate the text and fill in the table “What is manager?”

A number of different terms are often used instead of the term "manager", including "director", "administrator" and "president".

In its broad meaning the term "managers" applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system.

Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk.

The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.

5. Match the pictures and the definitions

6. Show the hierarchy of managers

7. Fill in the table “What do managers do?”

8. Answer the following questions about management functions. Some questions cannot be answered directly from the text.

1. What did the duties of managers include?

2. What does planning involve?

3. Why is planning the first management function?

4. What do managers do in the organizing phase?

5. Can staffing be considered as part of the organizing function? Why or why not?

6. Why is ongoing communication necessary for effective direction?

7. What do managers evaluate in the controlling function? Why is evaluation essential at this phase of the project?

8. What types of problems could a manager discover in performing the controlling function?

9. Which skills do managers need to perform effectively? Why is each important?