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ППО-БЗ-20 Установочная лекция

РАЗДЕЛ 1. БЫТОВАЯ СФЕРА ОБЩЕНИЯ. (Я и моя семья, мои друзья.) 1. Я и моя семья. Друзья. 2. Быт, уклад жизни, семейные традиции. 3. Дом, жилищные условия. 4. Досуг и развлечения, путешествия.

Основной уровень

Взаимоотношения в семье, с друзьями. Семейные обязанности. Устройство городской квартиры/  (ttp://pandia.ru/text/category/zagorodnij_dom/)а. Семейные праздники. Досуг в будние и выходные дни. Предпочтения в еде. Еда дома и вне дома. Покупка продуктов.

About Myself

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

About Myself

Let me introduce myself. My name is Timofei, Tim for short. My full name is Timofei Kurochkin. I'm seventeen years old. I was born in 1998. My birthday is on the 22nd of January. I live in Russia, in the Far East. I’m Russian. I'm a student. I study at teachers’ training college. I want to be a teacher like my grandfather. There are two more children in the family besides me — my elder brother Oleg and my younger sister Maria. Oleg is twenty-one, he goes to the Academy and he will be a dentist. Maria is only twelve, she is a schoolgirl. My parents are not old at all. My Mum is forty, she works for a newspaper. My Dad is forty-four; he is an engineer in computers. My parents love their jobs very much. I'm doing quite well at college. My parents are proud of my marks. I go in for sports. I play basketball. I take part in different basketball competitions. I have many friends at school and in the team. My grandparents are already retired. They are fond of gardening and spend all their time growing tomatoes, potatoes, onions, strawberries, raspberries.

Составьте диалог, используя вопросы.

1. What is your name?
2. What is your surname?
3. How old are you?
4. When were you born?
5. When is your birthday?
6. Where do you live?
7. What is your address?
8. What nationality are you?
9. What are you?
10. Where do you study?
11. What do you like to do?
12. Do you have many friends?
13. What are they fond of?

Напишите о себе, используя опоры.

1. My name is ………………., ……………. for short.
2. My full name is ………………………………… .
3. I am ……………………………………. years old.
4. I was born in …………. .
5. My birthday is on the ………………………………………………………… .
6. I live in Russia.
7. I am ………………………… by nationality.
8. My address is ………………………………............................................... .
9. I am a ………………………………………. .
10. I study at ……………………………………………………………………… .
11. I like to ………………………………………………………………………. .
12. I have many / few friends.
13. My best companions are ……………………………………………………… .
14. They are fond of ……………………………………………………………… .

Перепишите и переведите слова по теме “Family”

Переведите словосочетания на русский язык.

Our family, his cousin, their aunt, her uncle, your niece, their nephew, my relatives, our grandmother, their grandfather, her husband, their children, his wife, your grandchildren, her grandson, his granddaughter, their parents, our mother, her father, his daughter, their son, your married brother, my sister, our grandparents.

Переведите словосочетания на английский язык.

Моя бабушка, их мама, наш папа, его сестра, её племянник, наши двоюродные братья и сестры, твои бабушка и дедушка, их родители, его дядя, наша тетя, моя племянница, их дети, её дочь, его жена, их родственники, твой сын, наша внучка, её внук, его брат, их дедушка, её муж, наши внуки, моя замужняя сестра.

Назовите родственников противоположного пола:

Father, aunt, distant, relative, niece, married, a family man, wife, grandmother, son, nephew, uncle, grandfather, daughter, mother, sister, grandson, unmarried, brother, close relative, single, husband, granddaughter.

Закончите предложения.

Составьте диалог о своей семье.

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

About My Family

My family is not very big, just a typical family: Dad, Mom, me, my brother and sister and me. My Mummy is forty-one, she is a teacher of Spanish at the University. She is a born teacher. She has teaching abilities. My Dad is forty-two, he is a professional painter and he works for a design company. My parents both like their work very much. My elder sister Natasha is nineteen, she goes to the University and she wants to be a teacher of history. She is fond of reading books on history and fiction. My younger brother Igor is only six years old, he goes to the kindergarten. He is very funny; I like to spend my free time teaching him something. Igor likes to play with our cat. My grandparents are retired. They like gardening. They spend a lot of their time in the garden. They grow vegetables and fruits. We enjoy having fresh vegetables and green on our dinner table. I love my family very much. We always help each other. Everyone in my family is my best friend.

Напишите о своей семье, используйте диалог и текст.

TEXT 1

I. Read and translate the text.

ABOUT MYSELF AND MY FAMILY

Let me introduce myself. My name is Olga Smirnova, Olya for short. I was called after my grandmother. I was born on the 12th of May, 1995 in Brest, and have been living there since my childhood. Now I am seventeen years old. This year I have finished school and entered the Grodno State Medical University. It was not easy to become a student, but I did all my best to do it. At school I was good at Chemistry and Biology, they were my favorite subjects. I was also interested in Physics and Languages. Now I am a student of the medical university, the Faculty of Pediatrics. I descend from the family of doctors. My parents and teachers at school advised me to become a doctor firstly to continue our family occupation, secondly because I have always given my preference to natural sciences. The life of a medical student is not easy; we have to study a lot. So I don’t have much time for my hobbies and interests. But when I have some free time I go swimming at the swimming pool and watch videos. I like sport very much. I go in for basketball and always take part in sports competitions at our university. I am also fond of reading interesting books. Among my favorite writers are Charles Dickens and Mark Twain. As for my character, my friends find me very energetic and cheerful. But my parents consider me absent-minded. I think I take after my grandmother in character; she is very optimistic and joyful. It is quite natural because we are family members. Now I’d like to tell you a few words about my family. My family is an average sized Belarusian family: it consists of my father, mother, elder brother and me. So we are a family of four. I'd like to start with my parents. I have got a father and a mother. Their names are Sergey Ivanovich and Marina Petrovna. My parents have been married for twenty-five years. This year we are celebrating their silver wedding. My father is 49 years old, he is a man of character. He is a very handsome, sporty, tall man with fair hair and green eyes. People say I take after my father in appearance. As for his character, he is very serious and reliable. He is always ready to help everyone: both the family and his patients. He works as a surgeon in the regional hospital. In his free time he likes fishing and hunting. I love my father very much.

My mother is 2 years younger than my father. She is in her late forties but she looks young for her age. My mother is a pretty, slender woman of medium height. She has long brown hair and blue eyes. My mother is a very kind and caring woman, she is always very busy with her work and has a lot to do about the house. But all family members try to help her. My mother works in the children’s hospital, she is a pediatrician. I want to treat children as well. My parents have much in common, but they have different interests, hobbies, points of view on sports and music. For example, my father is fond of sports and my mother doesn't go in for sport at all. She is a great home-sitter. She keeps the house and takes care of the family. She is very good at cooking and she is clever with her hands. But my parents have the same opinion about the education and upbringing of their children. They are good specialists as well. Both of them are real medical professionals. Now I'm going to tell you a couple of words about other members of our family. Besides me, my parents have got one more child. It is my elder brother. His name is Oleg. He is

twenty-three. He is married and has a family of his own. His wife is a teacher. Oleg has graduated from the university and works as an economist. We have much in common with my brother but we are quite different as well. My brother is fond of exact sciences and I am good at natural sciences. But we both like sport and books. We are happy to have grandparents. They are old now and live in the country near Brest. But we never forget to visit them regularly and help them about the house. We also have a lot of relatives. My aunts, uncles and cousins live far from us, in different cities of Belarus. On big holidays they come to visit us and we have a very good time together. So we are a happy family and we are getting on well together. Our family is very united. We help each other in difficult situations and discuss all family problems together. We like to spend our free time together and organize family celebrations. I am not married yet, but I would like to have similar relationships in the family of my own.

Text vocabulary

I did all my best я сделала все возможное

Faculty of Pediatrics педиатрический факультет

natural sciences exact sciences естественные науки точные науки

silver wedding серебряная свадьба

fishing рыбалка

hunting охота

point of view точка зрения

home-sitter домосед

upbringing воспитание

a couple of words несколько слов

family celebrations семейные праздники

CONVERSATION PRACTICE

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What is your name (surname, patronymic)? 2. When is your birthday? 3. Where were you born? 4. How old are you? 5. What is your occupation? 6. Do you work? Where? 7. How well did you do at school? 8. What faculty do you study at? 9. Why did you decide to enter the medical university? 10. Is it easy to be a medical student? 11. How do you spend your free time? 12. Do you have any hobby? 13. Do you like to read? Who is your favourite writer? 14. Do you go in for sport? 15. Are you married? 16. Have you got a family of your own? 17. Is your family large or small? 18. How many persons does it consist of? 19. What relations do you have in your family? 20. What are your parents? 21. How long have your parents been married? 22. Do they have much in common? 23. What is your father’s hobby? 24. Can you describe your mother? 25. Who do you most take after, your mother or your father? 26. Who are you like in character? 27. Who do you look like? 24 28. Are you an only child in the family? 29. Is your sister (brother) younger or older than you? 30. What is your sister’s (brother’s) occupation? 31. Who runs the house in your family? 32. What are your household duties? 33. Do you help your mother to keep the house? 34. Have you got grandparents? 35. Have you got any other close relatives? What about your distant relatives? 36. Do you often see them? 37. Is your family united? 38. Do you

spend your week-ends together with your parents? 39. How would you describe the relationships in your family? 40. What are your ideas of your future family?

IV. Using the following scheme describe the appearance of one of your family members.

General impression → height → constitution → hair → eyes

Model: My mother is a good-looking tall slender woman with fair hair and blue eyes.

V. Think of some positive and negative features of character for

a) a husband

c) a father

b) a wife

d) a mother

Positive Negative

SELF CHECK

IX. Translate into English using words from Active Vocabulary.

1. Меня зовут … , коротко … . 2. Я студент 1 курса … факультета Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. 3. Я окончил школу в этом году и поступил в медицинский университет. 4. Мои родители – врачи, и я тоже решил стать доктором. 5. Кроме медицины я люблю читать. Я предпочитаю детективы. 6. Я также занимаюсь плаванием. Один раз в неделю я хожу в бассейн. 7. Мои друзья считают меня оптимистом. 8. Я пока не женат (не замужем). 9. Моя семья состоит из 4 человек: папа, мама, сестра и я. 10.Моего отца зовут … . Ему 42 года. Он работает хирургом в областной больнице. 11.Мой отец очень ответственный и строгий. 12.Моя мама на 2 года моложе папы. Ей 40 лет, но она выглядит моложе своего возраста. 13.Моя мама – привлекательная высокая и стройная женщина с темными волосами и зелеными глазами. 14.Моя мама очень добрая и заботливая. У нее всегда много дел, но мы все ей помогаем по дому. 15.У меня есть младшая сестра. Ее зовут Татьяна. Ей 14 лет, она учится в 8 классе. 16.У нас сестрой много общего. Мы увлекаемся плаванием и любим читать детективы. 17.У меня есть две бабушки и один дедушка. Они все уж на пенсии. 18.Мои бабушки и дедушка живут в деревне. Мы стараемся их навещать и помогать. 19.У меня есть три тети и два дяди, а также двоюродные сестры и братья. Все они живут в разных городах Беларуси. 20.Наша семья очень дружная. Мы очень привязаны друг к другу. 21.Мы всегда помогаем друг другу в трудных ситуациях и вместе решаем семейные проблемы. 22.В свободное время мы любим собираться в месте и организовывать семейные праздники. 23.Мне бы хотелось иметь такие же теплые и дружеские отношения в моей будущей семье.

Напишите свой и своих родственников год и день рождения.

I was born in …………. . My birthday is on the ………………………………………………………… .

My mother was born in …………. . Her birthday is on the ……………………………………………… .

My father was born in …………. . His birthday is on the ……………………………………………….. .

My sister / brother was born in …………. . Her / his birthday is on the ………………………………… .

My granny was born in …………. . Her birthday is on the ……………………………………………… .

Love. Marriage. Family in Britain.

1. Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary

Text I

THE FAMILY

There are many different views on family life. Some people could not do without the support and love of their families. Others say it is the source of most of our problems and anxieties. Whatever the truth is, the family is definitely a powerful symbol. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will see advertisements featuring happy, balanced families. Politicians often try to win votes by standing for "family values": respect for parental authority, stability in marriage, chastity and care for the elderly.

Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together. In industrialized countries, and increasingly in the large cities of developing countries, the nuclear family is regarded as normal. Most people think of it as consisting of two parents and two children. In fact, the number of households containing a nuclear family is shrinking year by year.

There are people who say that the family unit in Britain is in crisis and that traditional family life is a thing of the past. This is of great concern to those who think a healthy society is dependent upon a stable family life. They see many indications that the family is in decline, in such things as the acceptance of sex before marriage, the increased number of one-parent families, the current high divorce rate and what they see as a lack of discipline within the family. Some politicians blame social problems, such as drug taking and juvenile crime, on a disintegrating family life. Concern that the family is in a state of crisis is not new in Britain. In the nineteenth century, many legislators and reformers were saying the same. It was also a concern between the two World Wars, and in the 1980s it became a continuous political issue.

There is no definition of a "normal" family. Broadly speaking, the family is a group of people related by blood or law, living together or associating with one another fop a common purpose. That purpose is usually to provide shelter arid food, and to bring up children. The nature of the family keeps changing: there are a number of types of family that exist in a society at any one time.

Family Problems

1. Read the following survey about a British family. In groups create a survey of the kind for an average Russian family.

Text II

A STEREOTYPE

The average British family lives in a semi-detached house with a garden in the south of England. They own their house, which is situated in the suburbs of a large town. The house has three bedrooms. On average they have two children and a pet. The family drives a two-year-old Ford.

He works in the office of an engineering company for 40 hours a week and earns £ 200 per week. He starts at 9.00 in the morning and finishes at 5.30 in the evening. He goes to work by car, which takes him 20 minutes. He doesn't particularly like his job, but there are chances of promotion.

She works in a service industry for three days a week and earns £ 95. She works locally and goes there by bus. She quite likes her job as it gets her out of the house, she meets people, and it is close to the children's school. The children go to a state school which is a few miles from home. A special bus comes to pick them up every day. They are at school from 9.00 to 3.30. The most popular evening entertainment is watching television or video, which the average person does for two and a half hours a day. After that, the next most popular activity is visiting

friends, going to the cinema or a restaurant or going to the pub. The most popular hobby is gardening and the most popular sports are fishing, football and tennis.

2. Put questions to the text and retell the text, using questions as a plan.

3. Answer the following questions:

a)     What are the usual steps that precede marriage?

b)     Do you believe house chores should be distributed between you and your partner?

c)     Why do some men agree to help with the house-work at least in theory?

d)     Is it possible to let house-work wait until you want to do it?

e)     What would you take into consideration while distributing house chores in your family?

f)      What do you like to do about the house and what do you dislike?

g)     What would you do if your husband/wife comes home from work tired and irritated?

h)     If you feel ill-treated or hurt by your husband/wife do you think you should have the matter out at once or would you wait till you cool down?

5. Translate the text from English into Russian, using dictionaries if necessary. 

Text III

FAMILY LIFE.

Most young people eventually get married, buy or rent a house or flat of their own and start a family. However, a great many changes are taking place in this pattern of behaviour. As in many other Western European countries, more and more men and women are living together without being married. In the mid 1980s more than a quarter of new brides had lived with their husbands before marriage, compared with 8 per cent in 1970. People are also getting married later than they used to.

However marriage is still popular even among those whose first marriage has failed. In fact, in 36 per cent of all marriages one or both partners have already been married and divorced. Britain now has the highest divorce rate in Europe and about 10 per cent of children live with only one parent.

Another trend is towards smaller households. Very few children now grow up in large families and more and more adults are living alone (25 per cent in 1987). Many of the people who live alone are elderly; it is unusual to find three generations living in one house as they used to do in the past. It is quite common for close relatives to live in different parts of the country and. many people hardly ever meet their uncles, aunts and cousins. One reason for this is that British people move house every five years on average. They do this in order to change jobs or to buy a bigger or better house.

My Working Day

Прочитайте текст.

I am very busy on my week-days. On week-days my working day begins early in the morning. My school starts at 8 o'clock, so I get up at 7, to be ready in time. Sometimes I do my morning exercises, then I go to the bathroom. I clean my teeth, wash my face. Then I go back to my room, make my bed. I switch on my radio, usually I listen to radio. I dress, comb my hair, put a little make-ups. By that time my breakfast is ready (my mother cooks it for me). At 7.45 I take my bag and go to my school. My school starts at 8 o'clock and I don't like to be late. Usually I have six or seven lessons a day, it lasts till 3 o'clock. After each lesson there is a break, so I chat with my friends or eat my sandwich. When school is over I go home. First of all I walk my dog. Then I

have my dinner and rest. The teachers give us a lot of homework, so I start doing it about 4.30 or 5.00 p.m. My parents get home about six o'clock. We watch TV, have supper together. After it, I help my mother to do some work about the house — wash dishes, sweep the floor, clean the room. Twice a week in evenings I go to play tennis. When I do not go to play tennis, I stay at home and watch TV, listen to the music, read magazines. Sometimes my friends call me and we go for a walk. At eleven o'clock I go to bed and fall asleep.

Переведите текст.

My Day Off

Перепишите слова по теме и переведите их.

Прочитайте текст и переведите текст.

My Days Off

I go to college six days a week, so I have one day off – Sunday (I'm not lucky, because some other students have two days off). During the week I am very busy, so I like to have a rest on weekend.

I am not an early riser, so on Sunday I try to sleep well and never get up before 9 o'clock. I enjoy staying in bed, when I don't have to hurry anywhere. We have late breakfast at 10 and watch TV. Usually we have something tasty: meat salad, fried potatoes, chicken, cake or pie. If the weather

is fine, I usually do not stay ay home, I and my dog go for a walk. We often go to the park and play there. If the weather is rainy and gloomy, I stay at home and watch TV, listen to the music, read books. After dinner we go visit our grandparents or relatives, or just simply take a nap. Sometimes when my friends call me we go rollerblading near the Opera theatre. I like rollerblading very much, I think it is a lot of fun. In the evenings I like to watch video and music programs. There is a big armchair in my room right beside the lamp with a blue shade. If it is cold I like to sit there with cup of coffee and read. Sometimes I do something special on weekends: go to an art exhibition, to the theatre, to the concert. I always go to bed late on Sundays, and Monday morning is the nastiest thing through all the week. I like weekends very much, because I can rest and gain some energy for the next week.

Опишите ваш выходной день.

On my day off I usually get up at about ………….o’clock.

In the morning I often ……………………………………………………………………………………

In the afternoon I usually ………………………………………………………………………………

In the evening I …………………………………………………………………………………………

My Home

Перепишите слова по теме и переведите их.

Соотнесите название комнаты и что мы там делаем.

Прочитайте, переведите и перескажите текст.

My Room

Wе live in a three-room flat. I think the best room in our flat is mine. My room is my study and my bedroom. It is very nice and cozy. There isn't much furniture in it. There is built-in furniture in the room. On the left there is my bed and desk. There are a lot of drawers in the desk for my text-books, notes, pens, pencils and other things. On the right there is a sofa and a built-in wardrobe. In the right corner there is a comfortable arm-chair. I like to sit in the arm-chair and read an interesting book. There are some shelves with books in my room. There are Russian and English books there. There is a big carpet on the floor. There are some posters with my favorite singers on the wall. I like my room very much. When my friends come to visit me, I invite them into my room. My room is a nice place for rest and work.

MY FLAT

Text 1

My parents got married in 1983 when the Soviet Union still existed. As you know, at Soviet Union times almost all young couples were given flats free of charge, which looked absolutely similar. The same happened to my parents. They were given a three-roomed flat in one of the sleeping quarters of our town.  But my mother tried to make our flat unlike the others.

There are three rooms, a hall, a kitchen, a bathroom, a toilet and two balconies in my flat. When you enter my flat, you appear in a long hall where you can find a set of wardrobes and a big mirror.

On the right hand there is a kitchen. Our kitchen is not very big but it is very cozy. There you can find all the appliances you need in a modern kitchen. There is a fridge, a gas cooker, a microwave oven, a food processor, a mixer, a coffee maker and so on. Also there is modern furniture, a kitchen table and four chairs. The walls are decorated with embroidered pictures. There is a big window in the kitchen and that’s why this room is always full of sunlight. My family likes to spend time in the kitchen because it is the warmest and the most comfortable place in my flat. 

Going along the hall, you will enter a living room (also on the right hand). This room is my father’s favourite. He likes to have a rest there, lying on the sofa and watching TV. There is a set of wardrobes and bookcases on the right side of the room. On the left side there is a sofa, two armchairs and a coffee table between them. Also there is a big TV set in front of the sofa. There is a big window and a balcony in this room. My mother likes plants very much and that’s why this room and the balcony are full of plants.

Next to the living-room you can find a children’s room. It used to be my sister’s and my room but as my sister lives separately, this room is mine now. This is the smallest room in the flat but it doesn’t diminish its advantages. There is a wardrobe, a sofa, a bookcase, a desk with a computer on it and a dressing table. There is a fluffy carpet on the floor. There are posters on the walls and pot plants on the windowsill.

Our bathroom is painted in green colours. Our bathtub and a wash basin are yellow. Our towels and bathrobes are of different colours, the rug is blue, so that’s why when you enter this room you have an impression that you are inside a rainbow.

The toilet-room is really very small. There is nothing except a toilet and a small cabinet next to it.
So, let’s move to the last room in my flat. It is at the end of the hall on your left hand. This is my parents’ room. There is a double-bed, two bedside cabinets and a big wardrobe in this room. It is painted in warm colours and it is always a pleasure to rest there, reading a book or watching TV, which is on the wall. There is the second balcony in this room.

As they say, “My home is my castle”. So my home is a real castle for me and I don’t want to have another one.

Список слов к  теме "My flat":

• couple – пара (супружеская)
• free of charge – бесплатно
• similar – подобные, похожие
• sleeping quarters – спальный район
• wardrobe – шкаф для одежды
• mirror – зеркало
• kitchen – кухня
• cozy – уютный
• appliances – приборы
• fridge – холодильник
• gas cooker – газовая плита
• microwave oven - микроволновка
• mixer - миксер
• coffee maker – кофеварка
• food processor – кухонный комбайн
• modern furniture – современная мебель
• comfortable – удобный
• living room – гостиная
• bookcase – книжный шкаф

• sofa – диван
• armchair – кресло
• coffee table – кофейный или журнальный столик
• balcony - балкон
• children’s room – детская комната
• diminish – уменьшать
• advantages – достоинство
• dressing table – трюмо
• fluffy carpet – пушистый ковер
• posters – плакаты
• windowsill – подоконник
• bathroom – ванная комната
• bathtub - ванная
• wash basin – умывальник
• towel – полотенце
• bathrobe – банный халат
• rug – коврик
• rainbow – радуга
• cabinet – шкафчик
• double-bed – двуспальная кровать
• bedside cabinet – прикроватный столик
• pleasure – удовольствие

Questions:

1. Where is your house situated?
2. How many rooms are there in your house?
3. What is there in your kitchen?
4. What is there is your living-room?
5. What is there in your room?
6. What is there in the room of your parents?
7. Do you want to have your own house? What would it like?

My Flat

Text 2

We have a nice flat in a new block of flats. Our flat is on the fourth floor. It has all modern conveniences: central heating, gas, electricity, cold and hot water, a lift and a chute to carry rubbish down. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat. The living-room is the largest and most comfortable room in the flat. In the middle of the room we have a square-table with six chairs round it. To the right of the dinner-table there is a wall-unit which has several sections: a sideboard, a wardrobe and some shelves.

At the opposite wall there is a piano and stool before it. Between the two large windows there is a little table with a colour TV set on it. Near the TV set there are two cosy armchairs. A small round table, a divan-bed and a standard lamp are in the left-hand corner. This small table is for newspapers and magazines. My father is used to having a rest sitting on this divan-bed reading books, newspapers, magazines or watching TV.

The bedroom is smaller than the living-room and not so light as there is only one window in it. In this room there are two beds with a bedside-table between them. An alarm-clock and a small lamp with a pink lamp-shade are on the table. In the left-hand corner there is a dressing-table with a big mirror.. In this room we have a built-in wardrobe with coat-hangers to-hang clothes on. There is a thick carpet on the floor and plain light-brown curtains on the window.

The third room is my study. It is not large but very cosy. There isn't much furniture in it, only the most necessary. It has a writing-table and an armchair before it. In the right-hand corner there is a bookcase full of books, magazines and newspapers. A small table with a radio is standing in the left-hand corner. Near it there is a sofa with some cushions. In my opinion, the study is the best room in our flat.

But the warmest place in our flat is the kitchen, I think — the place where the whole family gathers every evening not only to have supper together, but also to speak and rest. I like the English proverb: "My home is my castle" because my flat is, indeed, my castle.

square - квадратный
sideboard - сервант 
wardrobe - шкаф
opposite - противоположный 
cosy - уютный 
divan-bed - диван
alarm-clock - будильник 
mirror - зеркало 
dressing-table - туалетный столик
lamp-shade - абажур 
a built-in wardrobe - встроенный шкаф 
coat-hanger - вешалка 
to hang (hung) - вешать 
study - кабинет 
furniture - мебель
necessary pieces - необходимые вещи
cushion - диванная подушка 
standart lamp - торшер

My Flat

Text 3

Our house is a short walk from the trolleybus stop. We live in panel house on the fourth floor. Our flat has all modern conveniences: central heating, gas, electricity, running cold and hot water, telephone, a lift and chute.

Our flat consists of three rooms, kitchen, bathroom and a hall. First there is a small hall with a mirror and small table with a telephone on it. The three rooms of our flat are: living-room, bedroom, my study.

The floor is parquet in the rooms and linoleum in the kitchen. There is a thick carpet in the living-room on the floor. All the rooms are papered with wallpaper of a different pattern and colour.

The living-room is the largest and most comfortable room in the flat. It's a large room with a balcony. In the middle of the room there is a table with some chairs around it. There is a sofa with two armchairs and low table with a TV-set on the left-hand side of the room. On the right-hand side there is a cupboard. There is a bookcase near it.

The bedroom is smaller and not so light. There are two beds, a wardrobe, a dressing-table.

The room I like best is my study. It is nice and cosy. It has a bed, a desk and an armchair. In the right-hand corner there is a bookcase full of books, magazines, newspapers.

The kitchen is handily arranged: there is a gas-stove, a frige, a deep sink, built-in cupboards and a table that folds against the wall when not in use. I like our flat very much.

conveniences — удобства 
central heating — центральное отопление 
running water — водопровод 
chute — мусоропровод 
carpet — ковер 
wallpaper — обои 
wardrobe — шкаф 
dressing-table — туалетный столик 
cosy — удобный 
stove — печь 
sink — раковина 
to fold — складывать

Russian Cuisine

To my mind, delicious food is one of the greatest pleasures in our life. I've been living in St. Petersburg since my birth and can tell you many interesting things about its restaurants of Italian, French, Chinese, Japanese and Indian cuisine. However, first of all I'd like to share some secrets of typical Russian cuisine with you.

Russian cuisine is indeed original. Its distinctive feature is not only in original recipes but also in the fact that it reflects a certain way of life. Russian people usually have meals three times a day. In the morning they have breakfast, in the afternoon — dinner and in the evening it's time for supper.

Let us start with breakfast. This meal doesn't usually take much time to prepare, due to the fact that people, as a rule, are in a hurry for work, school or somewhere else. It may include just sandwiches, fried or scrambled eggs, corn flakes or muesli and various kinds of porridges. It can be cream of wheat, oatmeal porridge, rice or buckwheat porrige. It is more common for Russian people to drink black tea with jam or honey but there are ones who prefer coffee in the morning. You may think there is nothing special in this set of dishes. You are right. But it was a description of a typical working day breakfast, when people have little time to prepare something. Now I'd like to call your attention to breakfast of a dayoff.

Have you ever tried traditional Russian sirniki? I'm sure, if you live in Russia, at least once in your life your grandmother or mother prepared them for you. Nothing can be compared with sirniki, made of fresh village cottage cheese and fried on a pan. They are usually served with sour cream and sugar. Perhaps, the only dish which is as delicious as sirniki is blini or pancakes. In Russia they say that the thinner blini are made the tastier they are. Blini are served rolled with a variety of fillings but the most delicious ones are pancakes with jam, honey and sour cream.

A traditional Russian dinner consists of three courses. It is the main meal of the day. First of all snacks are served. It can be caviar, herring, salt cucumbers and sauerkraut. All these salt dishes are served in order to excite the appetite. In general Russian cuisine is famous for its pickles.

Then comes the first course — soup. There is a great variety of different soups in Russia but the most famous is "borsch". Shchi, rassolnik, shchaveleviy soup and cold soup — okroshka are also cooked in Russia. Of course, it is not the whole list of traditional Russian soups, but these are the most popular ones.

After the soup the second course follows. It usually includes meat or fish and garnish. The Russians prefer freshwater fish like carp and pike. As for meat, it may be pork, beef, veal, lamb, turkey or chicken. The most famous meat dishes in Russia are zharkoye (stewed beef with potatoes, onions, carrots and garlic seasoned with salt and pepper), beef Stroganoff (the

dish consists of pieces of beef served in a sauce with sour cream) and cutlets (the dish made of minced meat). The main course is usually served with garnish — mashed, baked or fried potatoes, pasta or vegetables. Russian people often eat pelmeni (meat dumplings) for the second course. Pelmeni are often cooked by the whole family. Firstly, the filling of minced meat is made due to the particular recipe, then they roll out the pastry and after that everybody sits at the big dinner table and makes pelmeni. Sometimes the preparation of this dish takes almost the whole day. Very often people cook pelmeni for a holiday. The Russians eat everything with bread but sometimes pies are served instead of bread. These pies may be stuffed with various fillings: fish, spring onions and eggs, meat, chicken, potatoes and mushrooms. Sweet pies are served for tea. They are usually stuffed with different fresh berries or jam. Every housewife has her own cooking secret.

As for the third course, it is usually a drink — compote, kissel or mors. In old Russia there existed another popular drink — Medovukha which is derived from the word "honey" (in Russian it sounds as "mjod"). Sometimes this course includes desserts. It may be ice-cream, baked apples or some fresh fruit.

Supper is the longest meal of the day, since it is time when the whole family can gather at one table and discuss some news. Russian people usually have a substantial meal for supper. It may be fried potatoes, potatoes in their skin with herring, fried fish or chicken. But there are also people who prefer light supper such as cottage cheese with sugar or milk and jam, an apple cake called "sharlotka", or a potato cake, or some vegetables. It will depend just on a person's preference.

It is worth saying that Russian cuisine is famous for its natural products. Russian people are fond of gathering, drying and using mushrooms and all kinds of forest berries in their dishes.

In my opinion, Russian cuisine is one of the most varied and delicious in the world but tastes differ. As far as I know, people from other countries consider Russian people heavy eaters not only because of the amount of food we eat per day, but also due to its fat content. Anyway, if you are not keen on Russian cuisine, it is up to you to choose any other food.

Seasons and Weather

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Переведите текст на русский язык и ответьте на вопросы.

There are four seasons in the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Winter is cold and snowy. Winter is the coldest season in the year. Spring is warm and nice. Spring is warmer than winter. The warmest spring month is May. Summer is hot and sunny. Summer is the hottest season in the year and the hottest summer month is July. Autumn is cool and rainy. Autumn is cooler than summer, but it is a very nice season.

1. Which season is colder: autumn or winter? ___________________________________________
2. Which season is warmer: winter or spring? ___________________________________________
3. Which season is hotter: spring or summer? ___________________________________________
4. Which season is cooler: summer or autumn? _________________________________________
5. Which season is the coldest? ______________________________________________________
6. Which season is the hottest? ______________________________________________________

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Seasons and Weather

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each of them lasts 3 months. Spring comes in March and ends in May. It often rains in spring, especially in April. Summer is the hottest season in the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer the sky is clear and cloudless. The days are long and the nights are short and warm. Summer brings fruits and vegetables. It is pleasant to spend this season on the sea or in the country. The autumn months are September, October and November. The days are becoming shorter; the sun loses its force. It often rains. It is the season of harvesting. Winter lasts three months: December, January and February. It is getting colder day by day. The sun shines rarely and it snows often. But everything looks so pretty covered by snow. So in every season there are bright and dark sides. But we must be thankful together whatever the weather.

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В году 4 времени года: зима, весна, лето и осень. Каждое время года имеет 3 месяца. Декабрь, январь и февраль – зимние месяцы. Зима обычно холодная и снежная. Март, апрель и май – весенние месяцы. Погода весной приятная и теплая. Июнь, июль и август – летние месяцы. Лето жаркое и солнечное. Дети не ходят в школу, у них каникулы. Сентябрь, октябрь и ноябрь – осенние месяцы. Осенью деревья желтые, оранжевые и красные. Но погода не очень приятная: дождливая и ветреная.

The climate of Great Britain

А) Great Britain is situated on the islands. It is washed by seas from all the sides. That’s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain are very specific. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer. There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter. It seldom snows. It rains very often in all the seasons. The weather changesvery often. All this is due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.

The English also say that there are three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average temperature is from 5 to 23 degrees above zero. Sometimes the temperaturerises to 30 degrees above zero in summer and falls to 10 degrees below zero in winter.

So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. This humid and mild climate is good for plants. Trees and flowers begin to blossom very early in spring.

В) The climate of Great Britain is mild, temperate and wet. In the country it is not hot in summer and it is not very cold in winter. Spring is very beautiful season because everything is covered with flowers. Autumn is wet and cool. In January average temperature is from 3 to 7 degrees below zero and in July it is from 16-17 degrees above zero. It often rains in Great Britain. It does not often snow in Great Britain. The weather changes very quickly. In the morning it may be shining brightly and in the afternoon it may rain. That is why radio and television inform people about weather forecast very often. The British joke is "In other countries it is climate, in Britain we have weather."

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В нашей местности зима – самое длинное время года. Она начинается в ноябре и заканчивается в апреле. Зима холодная, снежная и ветреная. Весна начинается в апреле и заканчивается в июне. Весна прохладная и ветреная. Лето очень короткое. Оно начинается в июне и заканчивается в августе. Лето обычно прохладное и дождливое. Но некоторые дни жаркие и солнечные. Лето – лучшее время года. Погода в сентябре приятная: теплая и солнечная. Но в октябре погода хуже: пасмурная, дождливая и ветреная.