Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "What is Economics?"

Text N 1.           What is Economics?

Economics is a science which studies how a society organizes its money, trade and industry. It has many similarities with such sciences as mathematics (it deals with numbers), sociology (it analyzes social groups’ behaviour) and history (it considers economic development of countries within different time periods).

     As a discipline to study, economics is more than two centuries old. As early as 1776 a Scottish Professor named Adam Smith wrote his work “The Wealth of Nations” which founded economic science. In his famous book, Adam Smith analyzed the dependence of economic grows on market activity. He was the first to introduce the term ‘invisible hand’ which described the role of supply and demand in competition and market growth. ....

 

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

выход на пенсию; экономика развивающихся стран; спрос; конкуренция; невидимая рука; предложение; макроэкономика; вкладывать, инвестировать; предсказывать, прогнозировать; влияние; экономить, сберегать; нанимать, использовать; рыночная деятельность; валовой национальный продукт; уровень жизни; микроэкономика; занятость; подход; благосостояние; предприятие, бизнес; развитие.

Text N 2.        About American Economy in Brief

1) The American economy is a dynamic, free-market system. It is based on the choices and decisions made by millions of citizens who play different roles as consumers, producers, investors and voters. The United States is generally described as a mixed economy. It means that though the majority of productive resources are in private ownership, the federal government plays an important part in the market.

2) The American economy has been successful for more than 250 years. The U.S. productivity and standard of living have remained among the highest in the industrial world although other countries have experienced higher rates of growth in recent decades. ...

 

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What was the purpose of the “New Deal” programs initiated by the US president F.D. Roosevelt?
2. Why did the national leaders of the 1970s and 1980s want to reduce the role of the government?

Переведите письменно 4 и 5 абзацы.

                                                       Text N 3

     When we say that economics studies the ways how society organizes its money, trade and industry we mean that economics is a study about economy. By economy we understand the relationship between production, trade and supply of money in a particular country or region. To be more specific, economy is a term for the system that creates wealth through the production and sale of goods and services.

     There are three main sectors in any economy: the primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary sector.

     The primary sector of economy includes natural resources from which goods and services are produced. Agriculture, oil-prospecting and mining are integrated parts of the primary sector of economy, although oil-prospecting and mining also belong to the secondary sector because oil and coal need processing....
 

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the three main sectors of economy?
2. To which sector does manufacturing belong?

Заполните пропуски в предложении одним из слов данных ниже:

1. …… is a system that creates wealth.
2. ……is a study of how society organizes  its money, trade and industry.
3. ….... sector includes processing of natural resources.
4. ……sector provides natural resources.
5. ……supplies various services.

Tertiary, economy, economics, primary, secondary.
 

 Text  N 4

There are three legal forms of businesses: sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation (limited company). Many businesses are sole proprietorships: it means that one person owns and runs them. To organize a sole proprietorship is easy, it doesn’t need many formalities. The owner is fully responsible for the losses and profits of his or her business. If losses become greater than the investments, the owner must pay them because he has unlimited liability. If the proprietor gets the profits he\she can use them according to his\her needs. As the business is personal to the owner, it is liquidated upon the death of the owner....
 

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What liability has a sole proprietor?
2. What does a stock certificate represent?
3. Who appoints executive officers?

Вставьте  пропущенные слова из списка, приведенного ниже ( выберите только необходимые  слова) :

1. A secret partner takes part in ….  .
2. The …… is a cooperation of two or more partners.
3. To avoid risk of unlimited liability you can form a ….. partnership.
4. The sole proprietorship can’t  function in case of the death of its…...
5. The Board of directors is elected by ……

      Stock certificates, stockholders, management, corporation, limited, liability, trader, owner.