Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION"

Вариант 4

1. Прочитайте и переведите письменно текст.

MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION

When economists talk about market structure they mean the way companies compete with each other in a particular market. Let's take the market for pizzas, for example. There may be many thousands of small companies all trying to win a share of the pizza market, or there may be only one huge company that supplies all the pizzas. These are two very different market structures, but there are many other possible structures.

Market structure is important because it affects price. In some market structures, companies have more control over price. In other market structures, consumers have more control over price.....
 

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is market structure? Give examples of market structures.
2. How many conditions are necessary for perfect competition to exist?
3. Do small or large companies operate in a market with perfect competition?
4. Do companies make the same or different products in a market with perfect competition?
5. Is it easy for new businesses to enter a market with perfect competition?
6. Does perfect competition exist in reality?

3. Заполните пропуски в предложениях одним из слов или словосочетаний, предложенных ниже. Перепишите полные предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Perfect competition and … … are opposites.
2. In a market with perfect competition all companies have equal access to the … and technology they need.
3. Everyone should have … to education.
4. In a market with perfect competition companies are … … as they can’t affect the prices.
5. In a market with perfect competition each company has its small … of the market.
6. A perfect economic system may never … .
7. In a market with perfect competition there are many companies supplying the same … or service.
8. The laws of … and demand set the price in the market.
1. There mustn’t be any barriers for companies that want to … the market.

Задание 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. To spend more one should earn more.
2. The equipment to be installed will need more monitoring.
3. Many companies merge in order to increase market power rather than to increase efficiency.
4. We intend both to replace the board and design a new aggressive policy.
5. The main tasks of an economist are to collect data, create economic models and formulate theories.

5. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции герундия.

1. Printing money is rarely a solution for economic crises.
2. Despite all the advantages of having an open economy, countries sometimes restrict trade with other countries.
3. Specialising in one area of trade will give a country a comparative advantage.
4. If interest rates are reasonable, people continue taking out loans and using credit cards.
5. During a boom, consumers feel confident about spending because their jobs seem secure.

6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции причастия.

1. Wealth can include money saved in bank accounts or invested in pension schemes.
2. Government’s main weapon to fight inequality is taxation making the income gap between the rich and the poor smaller.
3. As the division of labour increases, the amount of time needed to train each worker decreases.
4.  At the top of the company there is the board of directors taking major decisions and setting objectives for the staff.
5. Having done thorough market research, the company identified its target consumers and launched a new advertising campaign.

7. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на типы условных предложений.

1. If wages rise, unemployment will rise.
2. If the agent defaults on the agreement, we will take legal action.
3. If they gave us a special price, we would put in a big order.
4. If we had anticipated the crash, we wouldn’t have lost so much money.
5. We’ll stop meeting now unless there is something else to discuss.