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Ex. 33 Прочтите предложения, определите функцию инфинитива, переведите:

41. By means of radio and television we can do an endless number of jobs: call doctors to far-off places in the Arctic, help airplanes to land automatically in bad weather, direct the work of a dozen machines at once, or guide the flight of rockets and sputniks in space.
42. Men are learning to put this energy to use.
43. These questions will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Moscow.
44. Elements chemically combine to form compounds.
45. After alpha particles are slowed down, they capture two electrons to become normal helium atoms.
46. Molecules are too small to be seen even with a microscope.
47. The ability of computers to solve many mathematical problems more effectively than man does, has given rise to new trends in mathematics.
48. It also includes semiconductor and transistor technologies to process information or to convert energy.
49. The goal is to coordinate processes better and to identify and avoid problems that otherwise might only be covered later.
50. Now much is being done to create artificial intellect.
51. To begin with, this error will not affect the result.
52. This method is not accurate enough to give reliable results.
53. To answer the question whether science does us good or does it bring disaster isn’t a simple task.
54. There is a lot of work to be done in this direction.
55. Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.
56. Some viruses, known as Trojan horses, are designed to act like a legitimate piece of software when first used; once on your system, though, they destroy all your data.
57. To understand why Linux has become so popular, it is helpful to know a little bit about its history.
58. Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer hardware.
59. Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs.
60. The discipline differs from many other technical professions in that programmers generally do not need to be licensed or pass any standardized (or governmentally regulated) certification tests in order to call themselves “programmers” or even “software engineers”.
61. Yet the book, to an extraordinary degree, has learned to coexist with its visual rivals.
62. In which way are films actually encouraging people to read?
63. We also need to send an unambiguous message to young people who are good at science that science as a career can be fascinating and worthwhile, and will reward you well.”
64. The separate sciences have continued to thrive in independent schools because their pupils are able to choose any combination at GCSE and do not have to do all three.
65. Some viruses, known as Trojan horses, are designed to act like a legitimate piece of software when first used; once on your system, though, they destroy all your data.
66. By the end of 1991 the Internet has grown to include some 5 000 networks in over three dozen countries, serving over 700,000 host computers used by over 4,000,000 people.
67. Advertisements for early home computers were rife with possibilities for their use in the home, from cataloguing recipes to personal finance to home automation, but these were seldom realized in practice as they usually required the home computer user to learn computer programming.
68. In contrast, home computers were designed to be used by the average consumer, not necessarily an electronics hobbyist.
69. But scientists hope the race will help them learn new ways to build cars that are lighter in weight and use less fuel.
70. Each car ran on about the same amount of energy needed to run a hair dryer!

Ex. 34 Прочтите предложения, переведите, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитивов и инфинитивных конструкций:

71. The tendency was for the substance to become ionized.
72. Less than a hundred years ago many of the things that we do now were thought to be impossible.
73. An effect known to be due to the space charge is found by Meyer.
74. This law is certain to hold for another case.
75. Substances, thought to possess this property are properly investigated.
76. Exact data are unlikely to have been obtained.
77. The solar constant is considered to vary slightly from day to day.
78. The reverse process is assumed to take place in other areas.
79. Newton was the first to discover the law of gravitation.
80. This apparatus enables accurate measurements to be made.
81. Torvalds then invited others to add to the kernel provided that they keep their contributions free.
82. Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more non-computer related tasks.
83. It is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use.
84. Less than a hundred years ago many of the things that we do now were thought to be impossible.
85. Trade-offs from this ideal involve finding enough programmers who know the language to build a team, the availability of compilers for that language, and the efficiency with which programs written in a given language execute.
86. This is because both depend on state subsidy: a political idea, which must be regarded as highly unlikely to see out the next century.
87. Business leaders called today for science graduates to be given a bursary of Ј1, 000 to help boost the number of specialist workers as the UK gears up for a new “industrial revolution”.
88. The book, for example, seems to be as obvious a candidate for redundancy now as it has since the middle of the 20th century.
89. In their unexcited state, the crystals reflect most of the incident light and appear pale grey
90. If a program is waiting for the user to click on the mouse or press a key on the keyboard, then it will not take a “time slice” until the event it is waiting for has occurred.
91. This frees up time for other programs to execute so that many programs may be run at the same time
92. However, most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks.
93. The average time required for the read/ write heads to move and find data is called seek time (or access time) and is measured in milliseconds.
94. It is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language.
95. The display is expected to be on sale in the first half of 2009, according to the company.
96. All American elementary students are expected to learn math.
97. In response, some parents pressured the school district to offer traditional math as a choice.
98. Before the era of cheap computers, the principle use for multitasking was to allow many people to share the same computer.