Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Чтение, перевод и грамматика"

Контрольная работа № 4

I. Прочитайте текст.

Community College

Community colleges are the gateway to higher education in the United States for a growing number of students. What makes a community college different from other colleges or universities?

A community college offers only the first two years of an undergraduate education. That’s the biggest difference at first glance, but there are other significant differences as well. A major part of the community college mission is to prepare students for transfer to four-year colleges and universities. These schools are able to focus all their efforts on providing a very strong educational foundation for their students. Class sizes are small. Professors are available to help students outside of class as well during weekly office hours.

Another difference is that community colleges don’t have research wings. It results in two major benefits for the students: professors can focus on teaching and student success, and, because they aren’t paying for research facilities, community colleges can charge a much lower tuition than four-year colleges or universities.

Students can really get a good education at a community college. It uses the standards applied to four-year colleges and universities. The professor at the community college has more time to answer questions and help students after classes. Students who have started out at a community college tend to have a very high success rate when they transfer to university.

Most community colleges have strong sports teams and an active student life programme. Community colleges tend to have strong local ties. This relationship provides international students with extensive opportunities to interact with Americans and to experience American culture.

Overall, the benefits to choosing a community college are numerous.

Notes: community college — местный, «общинный» колледж; двухгодичное среднее специальное учебное заведение.

II. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

Высшее образование, преддипломное обучение/неполное высшее образование, существенное отличие, доступный/имеющийся в распоряжении, оборудование для проведения научно-исследовательской работы, взимать плату за обучение, преимущество/польза, предоставлять/обеспечивать.
 

III. Переведите 2 и 3 абзацы текста.

IV. Выпишите из текста предложения:
а) с герундием в функции дополнения;
b) с действительным причастием в функции части сказуемого;
c) со страдательным причастием в функции определения;

Переведите предложения.

V. Определите, какой частью речи (герундием, причастием или отглагольным существительным) являются –ing формы в данных предложениях и какую синтаксическую функцию они выполняют.

1. The Open University is the United Kingdom’s only university dedicated to distance learning.

2. It was created in 1968 to give people who cannot afford to attend regular courses of study, the opportunity of studying and obtaining a university diploma or degree.

3. Most Open University students fit in study while also holding down a job or coping with a busy home life.

4. Studying at the Open University can be a struggle because students should be well-organised and self-disciplined in order to excel academically.

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени и залоге.

1. Nowadays great attention … (pay) to independent and research work of students.

2. In 1956 Nizhny Novgorod State University … (name) in honour of the outstanding Russian mathematician N.I. Lobachevsky.

3. Every year over 600,000 students … (come) to the UK to learn English.

4. The cost of good education … (get) higher and higher.

5. John F. Kennedy, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama … (study) at Harvard University.

6. The university … (found) in 1836.

7. Many international students … (admit) since the university was opened.

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на смысловое выделение членов предложения.

1. It was after 1861 that some important changes in the organisation of American universities took place.

2. It is the U.S. Department of Education that oversees federal educational programmes.

       3. It was Professor John Stevens Henslow who inspired Darwin’s love of natural history.

 

Контрольная работа № 5

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы текста.

Theodore Dreiser

Theodore Dreiser, a pioneer of naturalism in American literature, introduced a powerful style of writing that had a profound influence on the writers that followed him. He wrote novels reflecting his mechanistic view of life, a concept that held humanity as the victim of such ungovernable forces as economics, biology, society, and even chance. It was in Sister Carry that Theodore Dreiser created a fictional account that laid bare the harsh reality of life in the big city and in which Dreiser established himself as the architect of a new genre.

Dreiser was born in 1871 into a large family. Before Theodore’s birth, his father had attempted to establish his own woolen mill, but after it was destroyed in a fire, the family lived in poverty. He left home at the age of sixteen. After earning some money, he spent a year at Indiana University but left it and returned to Chicago, yearning for the glamour and excitement that it offered. At the age of twenty-two, he began work as a reporter for a small newspaper in Chicago, the Daily Globe. In his work as a reporter, he was witness to the seamier side of life and was responsible for recording events that befell the less fortunate in the city, the beggars, the alcoholics, and the working poor....
 

II. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова. Распределите их в таблице.

Society, anyone, observation, befall, purely, himself, create, attain, highly, genre, meaningful, this, ungovernable, eventually, thereafter, victim, establish, suicide, excitement, equal, legal, yearn.

III. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

Глубокое влияние, роман, газетное сообщение, стремиться к чему-либо, достигнуть успеха, провал/неудача, изнанка жизни, художественная литература, том, нервный срыв, публиковать, критический взгляд, быть свидетелем чего-либо, в поисках чего-либо, сторонник/защитник, жестокая действительность.

IV. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу словами и фразами, данными в упражнении III

1. After the death of her children, Mary Shelley suffered … .

2. Evelyn Waugh … his first novel, Decline and Fall, in 1928.

3. Poe’s work as an editor, a poet, and a critic had … on American and international literature.

4. Melville’s Typee was published in 1826 and … among the reading public.

5. For much of his life, Wilde was the … of socialism, which he argued “will be of value simply because it will lead to individualism”.

6. During World War II J.D. Salinger was drafted into the infantry and was … to the horrors of war.

7. The characters of Murdoch’s novels are always … for meaning to their lives in extraordinary situations.

V. Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения с:

а) герундием в функции дополнения;
b) действительным причастием в функции обстоятельства цели;
с) причастием совершенного вида в функции обстоятельства причины;
d) герундием в функции обстоятельства образа действия.

VI. Найдите в предложениях неличные формы глагола (причастия, герундии и инфинитивы), определите их форму и синтаксическую функцию. Переведите предложения.

1. Shakespeare was especially resourceful in inventing new similes and metaphors.

2. Keats was the first of the Romantic poets to rediscover the form of the sonnet.

3. In some paradoxical way, the task of a translator grows more difficult when translating short stories.

4. Jane Austen started her career by writing parodies and sketches for the amusement of the family.

5. Arnold Bennett had a genuine naturalism accompanied by a successful gift for comedy.

6. In 1834 Dickens worked as a political journalist and travelled across Britain to cover election campaigns for the Morning Chronicle.

VII. Распределите предложения следующим образом: под буквой А – номера предложений с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом; под В – номера предложений с объектным инфинитивным оборотом. Переведите по одному предложению из каждой группы.

1. Some features of Shakespeare’s poetry make him sound quite unusual for his time.

2. Some critics considered The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger to be humorous, witty, and clever.

3. John Keats was supposed to become an apothecary but abandoned the profession for the sake of poetry.

4. Emily Dickinson wrote about 2,000 poems, only seven of which are known to have been published during her lifetime.

5. Dreiser wanted his novel to be published without revisions.

6. Aldridge seems to be one of the most famous Australian-born writers.

VIII. Какое из русских предложений (а, б или с) соответствует английскому?

1. The writer is sure to earn recognition in literary circles.
   а) Писатель уверен, что он завоюет признание в литературных кругах.
   б) Писатель несомненно завоюет признание в литературных кругах.
   c) Писатель уверенно завоевал признание в литературных кругах.

2. The writer is reported to have published his new book.
   а) Писатель сообщил, что он опубликовал свою новую книгу.
   б) Сообщают, что писатель должен опубликовать свою новую книгу.
   c) Сообщают, что писатель опубликовал свою новую книгу.

Контрольная работа №6

I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 4 абзацы текста.

A Brief History of the English Language

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders — mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc — from which the words England and English are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. Old English was spoken until around 1100....
 

is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. There are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English.

II. Определите, к каким частям речи относятся слова. Распределите их в таблице.

Mainly, arrival, them, inhabitant, add, their, enter, similar, northern, firstly, its, nevertheless, expression, develop, commonly, cheap, difficulty, industrial, bring, invention, who.

III. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

Племя, происходить, корень (слова), классовое деление, гласный звук, заимствовать, создавать необходимость, вторгаться (захватывать), орфография, завоеватель, словарный состав (языка), печатное дело, главное отличие, разнообразие.

IV. Найдите в тексте и выпишите условные предложения. Переведите их.

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитивы и укажите их синтаксическую функцию.

1. The introduction of the printing press in 1476 meant that a standard spelling system began to emerge.

2. During the Industrial Revolution (18th century) new words were invented to cope with the rapid changes in technology.

3. In the 11th century England made the first attempt to conquer Scotland.

4. At the start of the 20th century half of the population of Wales were able to speak Welsh, a language belonging to the Celtic family.

5. Chaucer’s books were among the first to be printed.

6. To know the history of the English language is to understand the process of its development.
   
    

   VI. Найдите в предложениях неличные формы глагола (причастия, герундии и инфинитивы), определите их форму и синтаксическую функцию. Укажите номер предложения, которое содержит независимый причастный оборот.

   What we call «modern English» comes from the period immediately following the publication of the Bible and Shakespeare’s death.

   Most of Old English is unintelligible today without studying it as a separate language.

   William the Conqueror set about building London’s two greatest attractions: The Tower of London and Westminster Abbey.

   Many of the set phrases dating from the Middle Ages are common today in middle English.

   Having no particular literary value, Anglo-Saxon Chronicles are of greatest interest to the philologist, as they afford a closer approach to spoken Old English.

   Many words taken from Latin and Ancient Greek entered the English language in the Renaissance.

   Being the oldest and greatest poem of Old English, Beowulf is valued both as a source of linguistic material and as a work of art.

   The printing press being invented, books became cheaper and more people learned to read.

   VII. Выберите правильный вариант (А, В или С). Запишите условные предложения и переведите их.

   If Old English manuscripts …, it would have been more difficult for philologists to study the language.
   A. haven’t been found
   B. hadn’t been found
   C. hadn’t found

   If you … Old English, you wouldn’t understand it.
   A. will hear
   B. hear
   C. heard

   Old English manuscripts wouldn’t have survived if printing …
   A. hadn’t been invented
   B. wasn’t invented
   C. hadn’t invented

   If you study the vocabulary of modern English, you … a lot of foreign words.
   A. will find out
   B. found out
   C. have found out