Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "HOW RAILROADS SERVE PEOPLE"

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ  РАБОТА  2.  ВАРИАНТ 2

3.1. Reading

3.1.1. Прежде чем приступить к чтению текста, ознакомьтесь с некоторыми понятиями, необходимыми для полного понимания текста.

1. communication(s) – связь

railway ~ – железнодорожное сообщение

2. national economy – национальная экономика

3. loads – грузы

heavy ~ – тяжелые ~

bulky ~ – крупногабаритные ~

4. trains – поезда

passenger ~ – пассажирские ~

freight ~ – грузовые ~

mail ~ – почтовые ~

commuter ~ – пригородные ~

intercity ~ – ~ дальнего следования

high-speed ~ – скорые ~

5. car – вагон

passenger ~ – пассажирский ~

freight ~ – грузовой ~

mail ~ – почтовый ~

dining ~ – ~ ресторан

sleeping ~ – спальный ~

flat ~ – ~ платформа

6. traffic – движение, транспорт

7. distance – расстояние

to cover a ~ – преодолевать ~

8. speed – скорость

average ~ – средняя ~

fast ~ – высокая ~

top ~ – максимальная ~

9. expressways – скоростная автомагистраль

10. rush-hour traffic jams – автомобильные пробки в часы пик

3.1.2. Прочитайте текст.

HOW RAILROADS SERVE PEOPLE

Most people think of communications only when they want to get from one place to the other. But communications are extremely important to the national economy of a country as well. Without good roads and railways a country cannot develop its resources, industry and trade.

Early man probably used great rivers as his first means of traveling and communication. Later, people began to develop roads. In the Roman times, roads became very important for military reasons.

Nowadays, roads are still extremely significant; waterways are used for carrying bulky goods; airplanes cannot take very heavy loads and are especially useful for carrying passengers, mail and valuable equipment. And only railroads still carry the bulk of people and loads. Railway transport is still one of the cheapest ways of hauling freight over long distances.....

 

3.1.3. Определите, являются ли утверждения, данные ниже, правдивыми – соответствуют тексту (True) или ложными – не соответствуют тексту (False).

1. Most people think of communications only when they want to get from one place to the other.

2. Without bad roads and railways a country can develop its resources, industry and trade.

3. The shortest intercity runs cover great distances and take several days to complete.

4. About 75 % of all US rail passengers ride intercity trains.

5. Canadian railroads have about 80% of their income from freight operations.

6. Today, ships and trucks carry most US mail.

7. In 1929, railroads handled almost 85% of all loads carried between US cities.

8. US railroads carry hundreds of thousands of truck trailers each year.

3.1.4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по содержанию текста. 

1. What is the role of communications for the development of national economy?

2. What was the first means of traveling of ancient people?

3. What people were the first skilled road-builders in human history?

4. What kinds of transport are developed nowadays?

5. What is the role of railways in carrying passengers and freight?

6. What kinds of service do railroads provide?

7. What kinds of passenger trains do railroads operate?

8. What are the differences between them?

9. In what cases do residents of big cities use commuter trains?

10. What are the main advantages of commuter traffic?

3.2. Vocabulary

3.2.1. Замените подчеркнутые слова синонимами из текста.

1. Communications are very significant to the national economy of every country.

2. Railroads haul the greater part of people and freight.

3. Railroads run two kinds of trains: suburban trains and long-distance trains.

4. Most commuter trains are fitted with passenger cars only.

5. The number of people traveling by trains in the USA and Canada has greatly decreased.

6. Some countries are developing high-speed and effective long-distance passenger service.

7. The railroads get only about 15% of the country's mail revenue.

8. Some of the cars in a freight train are empty cars being carried to various points for loading.

3.2.2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим выражениям.

– развитие национальной экономики, ресурсов, промышленности, торговли

– средства передвижения и связи

– наиболее дешевый вид транспорта

– перевозка грузов на длинные расстояния

– пассажирское и грузовое сообщение

– пригородные поезда

– поезда дальнего следования

– спальные вагоны

3.3. Grammar

3.3.1. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, в которых имена прилагательные стоят в сравнительной степени, и 3 предложения,  в которых имена прилагательные стоят в превосходной степени сравнения. Переведите все предложения на русский язык.

3.3.2. Выпишите из текста 4 предложения, выделенные курсивом, и переведите на русский язык. Поставьте их во времена Past Simple Passive и Future Simple Passive.

Например:

Heavy cargoes are carried by ships. – Тяжелые грузы перевозятся кораблями.

1. Heavy cargoes were carried by ships.
2. Heavy cargoes will be carried by ships.

3.3.3. Замените предложения в действительном залоге (Active Voice) предложениями в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice), используя выделенные курсивом слова в качестве подлежащего.

Например:

Ships carry heavy cargoes.

Heavy cargoes are carried by ships.

1. Coaches provide seats for passengers.

2. In 1929, railroads handled almost 75% of all loads carried between US cities.

3. Early man probably used great rivers as his first means of traveling and communication.

4. Railroads provide two main types of service: passenger service and freight service.

5. Each working day, these trains carry hundreds of thousands of suburban residents to and from work in such large cities as Chicago and New York City.

6. Canadian railroads earn about 80% of their income from freight operations.

7. Today, they carry less than 40% of the intercity freight.

8. The railroads receive only about 15% of the country's mail revenue.

3.3.4. Выберите из 5 подчеркнутых в тексте предложений только те, которые соответствуют конструкции Perfect Tenses (Active Voice или Passive Voice). Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.

3.4. Speaking

Ответьте письменно на вопросы. 

1. When do you get up?
2.  Do you do your morning exercises?
3.  Do you take a bath (a shower) in the morning or in the evening?
4. How long have you been studying at the university?
5. What special subjects are you interested in?
6. Where do you work?
7. What are your duties?
8. What are you responsible for?
9. Are you satisfied with your specialty?
10. What are your future plans?