Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Видо-временные формы глаголов и особенности их перевода"

TEXT 3 (A) FIRST SOCIO-ECONOMIC FORMATIONS

(I) The first socio-economic formation was the primitive-communal

system, which covered the period of many hundred years. At first people

were in a semi-savage state, powerless against nature. They gathered nuts,

wild fruit and berries, roots and plants. Man's first instruments were

roughly chipped stones and sticks. Later people learnt to make the simplest

tools.

The basis of production relations was communal ownership of the primitive labour instruments and production means. People lived together in communes. With the advance of cattle breeding and agriculture there arose a social division of labour: animal husbandry (скотоводство) separated from agriculture. This led to higher productivity and productive forces growing.

(II) Productive forces continued to expand and man began to produce

more. It became possible to use workmen obtained through warfare (в

войнах). Captured prisoners became slaves. There followed the first

division of society into classes known as slavery. Slave-owners possessed

both the means of production and the people engaged in production. The ancient world achieved considerable progress in economy and culture. But time passed, and the necessity to replace the slave-owning relations arose: the new feudal mode of production began to take shape.

Answer some questions on the text:

1. What was the first socio-economic formation?

2. What period did it cover?

3. What did people live on in a primitive society?

4. What was the first major social division of labour in history?

5. What did the first division of society into classes mean?

6. What were the relations in production based on?
 

 TEXT 3 (B) FEUDALISM

(I) The feudal system existed in almost all countries. The epoch of feudalism covers a long period. In China the feudal system existed for

more than two thousand years. In the West-European countries feudalism spread over some centuries, from the fall of the Roman Empire to the bourgeois revolutions in England and France. In Russia it lasted from the 9th century to the abolition of serfdom in 1861.

The production relations of feudal society were based on the private landed property of the lords and their incomplete property rights over the serf. He was not a slave; he had his own holding (хозяйство). The peasant holding was the means by which the landlord secured his labour force.

(II) The towns, inhabited mainly by craftsmen and traders, were subjected to the authority of the feudal lord on whose land the town was

built.

Under feudalism the productive forces reached a higher level than those under the slave system. Production technique in agriculture was improved; new branches of field cultivation arose, market gardening developed considerably.

But the feudal system acted as a brake on the productive forces development, so capitalist relations of production began to appear. The abolition of feudalism became a historical necessity.

Answer the questions on the text:

1. Did the feudal system exist in all countries?

2. How long did the feudal system exist in China? In Western Europe?

3. In what way did the landlord secure his labour force?

4. Who (m) were the towns subjected to?

5. Prove that the productive forces reached a higher level under feudalism.
 

TEXT 4 (C) CAPITALISM

 (I) The development of capitalism dealt a crushing blow (нанесли сокрушительный удар) to natural economy. Under capitalism everything, including man's labour power, took the form of a commodity. Commodity production became dominant and universal.

(II) Once commodity production under capitalism had become the prevailing form of production, the relations between people in the process of production, i.e. their production relations, took the form of commodity relations. To exploit the worker the capitalist has to hire him while the worker has to sell his labour power, which is not a commodity. The worker receives a wage, with which he buys his means of subsistence (средства существования)-commodities

Answer the questions on the text:

1. What dealt a crushing blow to natural economy?

2. When did commodity production become

dominant and universal?

3. Why does the worker have to sell his labour?

4. What is a wage?

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
 

1. The work people do is called economic activity.

2. Once the simple tools of labor were made, the need arose among the primitive men to communicate with one another.

3.I  have just been told I shall get better wages next month.

4. Nothing more will be said about the matter.

5. This door must be kept shut.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая различные значения слов it, that, since, one, for, as.
 

1. I consider it important to do this work today.

2. It is at the club that I usually meet him.

3. One must read very much.

4.I haven't got such a textbook, I must buy one.

5.I  have lived on that street for ten years.

6. As the child was too young to travel by herself, they arranged for her to travel in  the care of a friend of the family.
 

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to do, to be, to have. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Our task is to study well.

2.He wasn't at the last meeting.

3. He was sent to Moscow.

4. The train is to arrive at 5.

5. He has finished his work.

6.I  have to do it.

7. I  want to have a smoke.

8.I  had my shoes repaired.

9. Don't come at 9 tomorrow.

10. Does he do his work well?
 

4. Перепишите внимание предложения, принимая во внимание правила    согласования времен  и бессоюзное подчинение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She asked if he'd like to go to the concert and I said that I was sure he would.

2. He asked what the weather had been like during my holiday and I said it had been awful.

3.I  asked her if she'd like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said she had already read it and hadn't liked it very much.

4. He said it made no difference.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
 

1.I  have come here to help you.

2. To walk in bad weather is not pleasant.

3. Peace must be fought for.

4. The teacher advised us to see that play.

5. It is necessary for the students to speak English every day.
 

6. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2й абзац.

Life on earth began some 200 million years ago, while the first man appeared less than a million years ago. This is how it happened.

Highly developed apes (человекообразные обезьяны) lived wherever the climate was warm in different parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, and the man originated from these apes. The basic distinction of man from animal appeared when man made tools, very primitive ones  at first. ...

 

7 . a)Выпишите английские предложения, несущие основную мысль.

b)Письменно составьте на  4 вопроса