Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Юридический английский"

Задание I Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. International Comparisons 18 In some countries such as France (where there are 9 jurors), the judges and jurors decide the case together. In the United States juries decide if the defendant is guilty but sometimes also have a say in what punishment he should receive. Before World War 11, Japan also had a jury system, but it was often criticized for the ease with which jurors could be bribed. Now Japan, like South Korea, is a rare example of a modem industrialized country where jurors are not used: all decisions are made by professional judges,....

Упражнение 2. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний: присяжные, система суда присяжных, давать взятку, не могут предстать перед судом, подростки (несовершеннолетние), суды по делам несовершеннолетних, подсудимый, мировые судьи, апелляция, признанный виновным, Верховный Суд (в Великобритании), Верховный суд (в США), изредка.

Упражнение 3. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту: 1. Does a jury system exist in all countries? 2. How many jurors are there in France? 3. What can you say about a jury system in Japan? 4. Can children under ten stand trial in England? 5. When does a defendant have the right to appeal to the High Court? 6. Do appeals from the Crown Court go first to the High Court?

Задание II Выполните письменно следующие грамматические упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в страдательном залоге. 1. Valuable clues (to found) at the crime scene yesterday. 19 2. The problems of crime and law enforcement (to discuss) by the lawyers at the conference tomorrow. 3. The investigator (to help) to get important information two weeks ago 4. Such cases (to try) by Federal Courts. 5. This examination of evidence (to conduct) in a crime laboratory in a week. 6. Crimes (to commit), crimes (to solve) every day. 7. The lecture in Criminology (to deliver) two days ago. 8. The offence (to commit) by a group of juveniles last year. 9. Every crime must (to investigate) thoroughly. 10. He (to investigate) of a serious crime.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must: 1. You ... copy the second lecture in Common Law. 2. They ... attend all the lectures in Roman Law, 3. You ... be in time for the classes. 4. To become a good lawyer one ... know much. 5. The graduates of our faculty ... work as investigators and judges. 6. You ... continue your studies at the Post-graduate Courses or Doctorate if you have a desire to become a scientist or a professor. 7. Who ... tell me when we shall have our next test in Civil Law. 8. A senator ... be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for 9 years and live in the state. 9. Nobody ... influence a jury. 10. Prisoners ... write and receive letters and ... make telephone calls.

Упражнение 3.Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения: 1. The students are taught various general and special subjects: Labour Law, Family Law, Constitutional Law. 2. Punishment by hanging was abolished by Law in England in 1969. 3. These problems were being discussed at 2 o’clock yesterday. 4. This crime scene had been examined by 5 o’clock yesterday. 5. Judges are elected for a term of 5 years. 6. The defendant is guaranteed the right to defense 7. Judges are independent in Britain and are appointed from practicing lawyers. 8. In the USA each state has two senators, who are elected every 6 years. 9. The lecture in Common Law will be attended by many students of our group. 10. They may have attended the lecture in Civil Law. 20 11. The investigator told us that all the documents had been signed. 12. All election districts in the USA must have the same number of residents. 13. One of these books in Roman Law was published last year. 14. The question of establishing a system of collective security has been raised. 15. This crime scene is being examined now.

Задание III Составьте рассказ, ответив на следующие вопросы: 1. What is Khabarovsk? 2. Where is Khabarovsk situated? 3. What is the population of Khabarovsk? 4. When was the military post Khabarovka founded? 5. Who founded the military settlement? 6. Is Khabarovsk an industrial centre? 7. What specialists do the universities and academies of Khabarovsk train? 8. What are Scientific Research Institutes engaged in? 9. What are the main museums in Khabarovsk? 10. Why do thousands of foreign guests visit Khabarovsk?

Задание IV Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно. Other Times - Other Manners In order to understand why a particular country has a particular legal system, it is necessary to look at its history, political structure and social values. When there is political and social upheaval, one of the main concerns of a new government is to revise the legal system. Britain has an unusual degree of political continuity. Despite civil wars in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries and enormous social changes associated with industrialization, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago. On the other hand, most of the law of Japan, which experienced the rapid upheaval of the Meiji Restoration and foreign occupation after the Second World War, was developed within the last century.....



Задание I Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Entering the Profession In some countries in order to practise as a lawyer it is necessary to get a university degree in law. In other countries professional exams must be passed. In Britain it is not necessary to have a degree, although nowadays most people entering the profession do. The main requirement is to pass the Bar Final examination (for barristers) or the Law Society Final examination (for solicitors). In most countries, lawyers will tell you that the time they spent studying for their law finals was one of the worst periods of their life! This is because an enormous number of procedural rules covering a wide area of law must be memorized. ....

Упражнение 2.Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: иметь практику адвоката; профессиональные экзамены; сдавать экзамены; требование; адвокат; процедурные правила; получить квалификацию; контролировать, профессия юриста, рост численности населения, средняя заработная плата, финансовое вознаграждение.

Упражнение З. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту: 1. What is the main requirement for solicitors and barristers in Britain? 2. What must lawyers memorize? 3. What does a solicitor in England do after passing the examination? 4. What is the rate at which the legal profession grows? 22 5. Why is the career in law so popular? 6. Are lawyers’ salaries greater than those of other professions?

Задание II Выполните письменно следующие грамматические упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в страдательном залоге. 1. The final exam for barristers (to call) the Bar Final Examination. 2. Though the father doesn’t live with them, the boy (to support) always by him. 3. Last night the Thompsons (to rob) by armed teenagers. 4. The documents (to prepare) tomorrow. 5. The problem(to considered) to be complicated, to be complicated. 6. Passers-by usually (to startle) by rockers. 7. Our Academy (to visit) by a group of American lawyers a year ago. 8. The matter (to discuss) at the next meeting. 9. Amendments (to make) to the Bill by the House of Lords. 10. Criminality (to consider) a social phenomenon.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must. 1. A future lawyer ... pass various professional exams. 2. The police ... arrest a person without a warrant under the arrest scheme. 3. A Magistates’ court in England and Wales ... not impose a term of more than six months’ imprisonment for each sentence tried summarily. 4. You ... claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 5. The students ... list many civil rights and liberties. 6. The laws of the country ... be observed by every citizen. 7. Unfortunately this law ... not destroy racial prejudices existing in this country. 8. We ... be hospitable to thousands of clipped veterans who returned from the war. 9. Antagonists of this theory ... not offer any reasonable arguments. 10. Evidence found at the crime scene ... be analyzed very carefully.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения: 1. The person is not guilty of the crime with which he has been charged. 2. Anything you say can be used against you in court. 3. If you cannot afford a lawyer, a lawyer will be provided without charge. 4. The book was published almost 20 years ago, but it’s still popular 23 among teenagers. 5. He has to balance his small salary by living economically. 6. The Common Law offences had been codified by 1986. 7. One must use public money only for lawful purposes. 8. She was accused of shop-lifting. 9. An adviser is a person who is regularly consulted. 10. Concessions were made to the workers. 11. He was held in police custody. 12. The defendant was found guilty and fined $ 200. 13. Those who dissented Anglican teaching could be heavily fined. 14. You can’t divorce science from ethical questions. 15. In Sweden parents can be prosecuted for physical punishing their children.

Задание III Составьте рассказ, ответив на следующие вопросы: 1. What is Khabarovsk? 2. Where is Khabarovsk situated? 3. When was Khabarovsk founded? 4. Who founded the military post Khabarovka? 5. When was Khabarovka turned into Khabarovsk? 6. What is the population of Khabarovsk? 7. Is Khabarovsk a large industrial centre? 8. What educational institutions are there in Khabarovsk? 9. Khabarovsk is a large cultural centre, isn’t it? 10.Why do thousands of tourists come to Khabarovsk every year?

Задание IV Переведите письменно следующий текст: Criminal Law in US The US has two separate court systems: State Courts and Federal (hurts. In general State Courts hear cases when someone has something against the laws or the Constitution of a particular state. Federal Court deals with cases to do with the laws and the Constitution of the United States as a whole. Federal courts also hear cases where the US government is one of I lie sides involved. Cases for crimes which are not serious are likely to be heard in State courts. Serious crimes may be tried in either State courts or federal courts depending on the situation, for example, cases where a crime has taken place in another state are often heard in Federal courts....



Задание I Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Social Morality, Rules and Laws The word “law” refers to limits upon various forms of behaviour. Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people usually behave. Other laws are prescriptive - they prescribe how people ought to behave. In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs - that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some laws are made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power. The rules of social institutions are more formal than customs. They carry penalties for those who break them. However, they are not enforced by any political authority......

Упражнение 2. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: Формы поведения; обычаи; нормы социальных институтов; нарушать нормы; проводить законы в жизнь; терпеть наказание; создавать 25 законы; система судов; члены общества; быть сделанным по образцу; существовать; власть полиции.

Упражнение 3. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту: 1. What does the word “law” refer to? 2. What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive laws? 3. What are customs? 4. Where do we learn informal rules of social behaviour? 5. What do governments use when they make laws for citizens? 6. What are government-made laws often patterned upon?

Задание II Выполните письменно следующие грамматические упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в страдательном залоге. 1. The members of the Supreme Court (to appoint) by the Government. 2. The accused (to find) guilty by the jury. 3. The UNO (to found) in 1944 when the Second World War was coming to its end. 4. Trespassers (to prosecute). 5. A good marriage (to base on) trust. 6. The house (to mortgage) by him last year in order to start a business. 7. Sometimes civil rights and civil liberties (to use) interchangeably. 8. You can claim your money back if the goods (to damage). 9. Most of the criminal and civil cases (to try) by the district courts of the USA. 10. The police usually (to call) by neighbors.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must. 1. In Japan a lawyer... take lots of exams. 2. The person ... be visited by a legal adviser to ensure properly prepared evidence. 3. The defendant... not be tried against for the same offence. 4. The laws of the country ... be observed by every citizen. 5. A great number of procedural rules ... be memorized. 6. The verdict... be reached by a simple majority. 7. A defendant... employ a legal adviser. 8. If the criteria for detention are not satisfied, the person ... be released immediately. 9. I think he ... try to appeal again. 26 10. She ... be offended if you don’t reply to her invitation.

Упражнение 3.Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. 1. Неhas been released from prison on probation. 2. She was prosecuted for exceeding speed limit. 3. The law must control family relations through legislation. 4. I can’t stand interference in my private affairs. 5. Our marriage was dissolved by the divorce county court. 6. I had to retire on medical grounds. 7. If evidence is improperly admitted a conviction can be quashed on appeal. 8. In Great Britain a private person may institute criminal proceedings. 9. The public needs to be protected from a dangerous offender. 10. A person can be detained beyond 36 hours if a warrant is obtained from a magistrates’ court. 11. He must not be blamed: it was self-protection. 12. The city bank was robbed by teenage computer-hackers. 13. Civil rights declare what the government of the country is obliged to do. 14. A lot of money was contributed to that independent school by her former husband. 15. The judicial system in Russia is represented by many courts.

Задание III 1. Составьте рассказ, ответив на следующие вопросы: 2. What is Khabarovsk? 3. Where is Khabarovsk situated? 4. When was Khabarovsk founded? 5. Who founded the military post Khabarovka? 6. When was Khabarovka turned into Khabarovsk? 7. What is the population of Khabarovsk? 8. Is Khabarovsk a large industrial centre? 9. What educational institutions are there in Khabarovsk? 10. Khabarovsk is a large cultural centre, isn’t it? 11. Why do thousands of tourists come to Khabarovsk every year? 27

Задание IV Переведите письменно следующий текст: Jury Service The right to trial by a jury is one of the most important rights of the American people and is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. By serving on a jury one helps to guarantee the most important freedoms. The job of a juror is to listen to all the evidence presented at trial and to “decide the facts” - that is to decide what really happened. The judge, on the other hand “decides the law” - that is, makes decisions on legal issues that come up during the trial. For example, the judge may have to decide whether one or the other juror may hear certain evidence or whether one lawyer may ask a witness a certain question. A juror should not try to decide these legal issues, sometimes he will even be asked to leave the courtroom while they are being discussed.....