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DIPHTHERIA

Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease which mainly effects the throat. The symptoms are sore throat, fever, headache. There is difficulty in swallowing. There is a whitish patch in the throat and if it spreads to the windpipe, there is difficulty in breathing. The child looks ill and toxic. The disease can lead to many complications of nerves, heart and kidneys, and sometimes an emergency operation (trecheostomy) may have to be done if the windpipe gets blocked with the membrane ard the child has difficulty in breathing. The child will have to be hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital for 3-4 weeks, and then convalescense proceeds at home for a few weeks more. This disease can be prevented by immunizing the child.

Упражнение 1. Скажите по-английски:

беловатый налет, заразное заболевание, трудности при дыхании , выглядеть больным, дыхательное горло, заболевание можно предупредить 

Упражнение 2. Назовите симптомы дифтерии по-английски.

HEPATITIS

This is quite a common disease and every now and then one hears of someone who has jaundice. The disease is acquired by drinking, or eating anything contaminated by the hepatitis virus, which is passed in the infected person’s stool.

The presence of hepatitis is a pointer to the inadequate arrangements of safe water supply and sewage disposal in a locality. The virus is very resistant and even boiling does not destroy it.

There is fever, loss of appetite, vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. Loss of appetite and a feeling of being ill is out of proportion of the fever. Even the smell or sight of food may make the person sick. In 4-5 days the urine becomes dark in colour, and later the eyes and skin become yellow. Gradually, the appetite returns and the fever comes down.

The child should remain in bed as long as he has fever and fecls ill. Once his appetite returns he can play about in the house, but should not go to nursery school till jaundice has disappeared and he feels quite well.

In the acute stage, the child should be encouraged to drink sweet drinks such as orange juice. Sugarcane juice is excellent. Sugar is good for recovery of the liver. As the appetite returns, ordinary household food can be given, but you should cut down on butter, oil, fried food.

Упражнение 1. Скажите по-английски:

потеря аппетита, боль в желудке, запах и вид пищи, моча становится темной, кожа желтеет, печень 

Упражнение 2. Назовите симптомы гепатита по-английски.

MUMPS

Mumps is a communicable virus disease, that usually attacks one or both parotid glands located near the angle of the jaw. It commonly occurs between 5 and 15 years of age. The incubation period, i. e., the period between acquiring the infection and the first symptoms, is usually three weeks. One attack gives immunity.

There is pain on opening the mouth or chewing, a moderate degree of fever, loss of appetite, headache and body pain. Both sides of the face may swell at the same time or there may be a gap of a few days between one side and the other. The swelling lasts about 6—7 days.

Mumps may affect testicles in boys and ovaries in girls, resulting in sterility. This is rare before puberty, and so it is best if children acquire the disease at a younger age. Treatment consists of bed-rest during fever, mouth-washes to keep the mouth clean and aspirin for fever and pain. Mumps can be prevented by immunizing the child with mumps vaccine.

Упражнение 1. Скажите по-английски:

поражать околоушные железы, первые симптомы, умеренная степень лихорадки, половая зрелость, промежуток в несколько дней, опухоль длится, может поражать, лечение состоит из... , может привести к бесплодию

Упражнение 2. Назовите симптомы паротита по-английски.

WHOOPING COUGH

A newborn baby has no immunity to this disease at all, and 30 he must be kept protected from children who have any kind of cough. Whooping cough seems like an ordinary cough for the first few days, but gradually the bouts become more and more prolonged and the child coughs continuously. His face becomes red and he very often vomits. At the end of the baut of cough, when he takes a deep breath,

a croaky sound is heard which is called the whoop and which gives the disease its name. The disease is a prolonged one and the cough may last 2—3 months. It can lead to lung complications also.

The child loses weight because of repeated vomiting. Fortunately, it can be prevented by immunizing the child with triple antigen (DPT) injections.

A child with whooping cough should be kept separate from other children for the first 3—4 weeks. The disease is more severe in babies under 1 year of age, and every effort must be made to isolate them, at least.

Упражнение 1. Скажите по-английски:

новорожденный ребенок, обычный кашель, более продолжительный кашель, ребенок теряет вес, глубокий вдох, повторяющаяся рвота, осложнения на легкие

Упражнение 2. Назовите симптомы коклюша по-ангäлийски.

CHICKENPOX

The illness begins with fever, slight headache and listlessness. With in a day or two spots appear on the chest or back, which soon look like small blisters. Such new “crops” keep appearing for 2—3 days and older ones get scabbed over. There is a lot of itching and the child may scratch some of the blisters. Chickenpox is usually a mild disease and there is no particular treatment, except to keep the skin clean and use some soothening lotion for itching. The itching can also be relived by bathing the child with a small quantity of soda 2—3 times a day. Antihistamine syrup to relieve itching should only be given under medical advice.

As in the case of measles, there is no point keeping the other children in the family away, as they have been exposed to the disease already and it is just as well for them to get it over with.

Упражненне 1. Скажите по-английски:

слабая головная боль, болезнь средней тяжести, чистая кожа, сыпь появляется на коже, облегчить зуд, может расцарапать

Упражнение 2. Назовите симптомы ветряной оспы no-английски.

What should you know about communicabie diseases?

POLIOMYELITIS

The main symptoms of the disease are: slight fever, general discomfort, headache, stiff neck, stiff back. It may result in paralysis of any part of body. The cause of poliomyelitis is a virus. The incubation period of the disease is 7-21 days. The most susceptible patients are the children from 9 months to 5 years. The child should be isolated from onset of the disease till fever subsides. We can prevent poliomyelitis with oral polio vaccine.

TYPHOID

The main symptoms of the disease are fever, headache, malaise. The cause of typhoid is a bacillus. The incubation period is 7-21 days. The most susceptible patients are children and young adults. To treat the disease you should follow proper disposal of stools and urine and to give chloramphenicol or substitute for 3—4 weeks. We can prevent typhoid with typhoid vaccine.

TONSILLITIS

The main symptoms of tonsillitis are fever, cough, sore throat. The cause of the disease is a streptococcus. The incubation period is 2—5 days. The patients of all ages are susceptible to the disease. To treat the patient with tonsillitis we should give penicillin or substitute injections for 10 days. There are no any ways of prevention of tonsillitis.

TETANUS

The main symptoms of tetanus are stiffness of jaw, spasms and convulsions, difficulty in swallowing. The cause of the disease is a bacillus. The incubation period is from 5 days to 2 weeks. The disease is not communicable from person to person. The patients of all the ages are susceptible to the disease. The patient with tetanus should be hospitalized and the wound should be cleaned immediately. A doctor must use tetanus toxoid separate or in DPT to treat the patient.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the difference between the symptoms of poliomyelitis and typhoid?
2. Are there any similar symptoms between poliomyelitis and tetanus?
3. What are the causes of all these diseases?
4. What can you say about the treatment of poliomyelitis, typhoid, tonsillitis and tetanus?
5. Are there any ways of prevention of the diseases?

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What infectious disease is represented in the text?
2. What is the period of invasion in scarlet fever characterized by?
3. What are the typical symptoms of the disease?
4. What is the most characteristic complication after scarlet fever?