Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Модальные глаголы и неличные формы глаголов"

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Oxygen: History and Occurrence

Credit for the discovery of oxygen is shared by two men, Joseph Priestley, an English clergyman and amateur scientist, who later moved to the United States to escape religious persecution, and Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Swedish pharmacist. Working independently, these two men both obtained the gas which we know as oxygen by heating various compounds of the element, particularly mercuric oxide. They also found evidence that this gas is a component of the atmosphere. Priestley’s work was published in 1774, but although Scheele’s experiments had probably been performed even earlier, their publication was delayed and no account of them appeared until 1777. Though Priestley recognized that the gas which he had discovered plays an important role in combustion, he remained, along with Scheele, an ardent adherent of the phlogiston theory of combustion; in fact, he called the gas “dephlogisticated air”.

On the basis of the experimental results of Priestley, Scheele, and others, as well as some very fine experimental work of his own, in 1777 the brilliant French chemist Lavoisier established the modern concept that the combustion of a substance consists in its combination with the new gas which Priestley and Scheele had described, and which Lavoisier found an important constituent of the atmosphere. Since the combustion of many substances (now known as non-metals) such as phosphorus and sulphur yields products which react with water and give acidic solutions, Lavoisier named this gas oxygen, derived from Greek words meaning “acid former”.....
 

II. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1.What famous scientists worked on the discovery of oxygen?

2. Who was the first to obtain this gas?

3. What was the method of obtaining oxygen?

4. What theory of combustion existed in Priestley’s time?

5. What did the French chemist Lavoisier establish?

6. What does the modern concept of combustion state?

7. What does the word “oxygen” mean?

8. Where does oxygen occur and in what state?
 

III. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям.

различные соединения, путем нагревания, особенно, найти доказательство, составная часть атмосферы, хотя, опубликовать работу, признавать, играть важную роль, наряду с, на основании, так же как, тонкая работа, современное понятие, заключаться в, так как, неметалл, давать продуты, реагировать с, в свободном состоянии, встречаться в атмосфере, около 90% по весу, чистая вода, в среднем, морская вода
 

IV. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните модальный глагол. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Selenium may be found in various ores.

2. We are able to describe the properties of any element looking at the periodic table.

3. Selenium can occur in several allotropic forms.

4. Chemists must remember that sulphur is a nonconductor of electricity.

5. You should know the properties of the substances if you have to work with them.

6. Sometimes we needn’t accelerate the reaction.

7. The substance could contain impurities.
 

V. Перепишите предложения, вставьте подходящий по смыслу модальный глагол. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. All chemicals … to be treated with care.

2. Ethanol and water …look alike.

3. Dalton’s ideas about atom … explain many experimental observations and scientific laws.

4. Elements …. be decomposed because the atoms they are made of are indestructible.

5. How … you tell that a substance is pure?
 

VI. Выпишите из текста в Задании №1 предложения с неличными формами глагола, подчеркните неличные формы глагола.

VII. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните неличную форму глагола, укажите, какая неличная форма глагола используется в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The 21^st century is an age of practical applications which contribute to an improved standard of living.
2. Man has learned to surpass nature as he explores the methods by which living matter is produced.
3. By the philosopher's stone alchemists wanted to change base metals into gold.
4. An atom was considered by the ancients to be an indivisible particle.
5. To analyze a substance means to define its components.
6. For uranium minerals to be used in industry is not a usual thing.
7. It is necessary to test the obtained result by using another approach.