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Вариант 1
1 Read and translate the text

SATELLITE APPLICATIONS

Advances in satellite technology have given rise to a healthy satellite services sector that provides various services to broadcasters, Internet service providers (ISPs), government, the military, and other sectors. There are three types of communication services that satellites provide: telecommunications, broadcasting, and data communications. Telecommunication services include telephone calls and services provided to telephone companies, as well as
wireless, mobile, and cellular network providers. Broadcasting services include radio and television delivered directly to
the consumer and mobile broadcasting services. DTH, or satellite television, services are received directly by households. Cable and network programming is delivered to local stations and affiliates largely via satellites. Satellites also play an important role in delivering programming to cell phones and other mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants and laptops. 
Data communications involve the transfer of data from one point to another. Corporations and organizations that require financial and other information to be exchanged between their various locations use satellites to facilitate the transfer of data through the use of very small-aperture terminals (VSAT) networks. With the growth of the Internet, a significant amount of Internet traffic goes through satellites, making ISPs one of the largest customers for satellite services.
Satellite communications technology is often used during natural disasters and emergencies when land-based communication services are down. Mobile satellite equipment can be deployed to disaster areas to provide emergency
communication.
One major technical disadvantage of satellites, particularly those in geostationary orbit, is an inherent delay in transmission. While there are ways to compensate for this delay, it makes some applications that require real-time transmission and feedback, such as voice communications, not ideal for satellites.
Satellites face competition from other media such as fibre optics, cable, and other land-based delivery systems such as microwaves and even power lines. The main advantage of satellites is that they can distribute signals from one point to many locations. As such, satellite technology is ideal for “pointtomultipoint” communications such as broadcasting. Satellite communication does not require massive investments on the ground – making it ideal for underserved and isolated areas with dispersed populations. 
Satellites and other delivery mechanisms such as fibre optics, cable, and other terrestrial networks are not mutually exclusive. A combination f various delivery mechanisms may be needed, which has given rise to various hybrid solutions where satellites can be one of the links in the chain in combination with other media. Ground service providers called “teleports” have the capability to receive and transmit signals from satellites and also provide connectivity with other terrestrial networks.
In a relatively short span of time, satellite technology has developed from the experimental (Sputnik in 1957) to the sophisticated and powerful. Future communication satellites will have more onboard processing capabilities, more
power, and larger-aperture antennas that will enable satellites to handle more bandwidth. Further improvements in satellites’ propulsion and power systems will increase their service life to 20-30 years from the current 10-15 years. In
addition, other technical innovations such as low-cost reusable launch vehicles are in development. With increasing video, voice, and data traffic requiring larger amounts of bandwidth, there is no dearth of emerging applications that
will drive demand for the satellite services in the years to come. The demand for more bandwidth, coupled with the continuing innovation and development of satellite technology, will ensure the long-term viability of the commercial
satellite industry well into the 21st century.
Notes:
1. Broadcasting service - служба вещания;
2. DTH (Direct To Home) - система приѐма спутникового ТВ;
3. Very small-aperture terminal (VSAT) - терминал с очень малой
апертурой;
4. Bandwidth - диапазон частот.
 Give the short summary to the text ( 7 sentences)
 Write 5 questions to the text

4 Перепишите предложения в прошедшем времени:
1. Nobody knows what she means.
2. Christy says he will tell you the truth.
3. I think he came in a taxi.
4. They are sure we will be waiting for them in the bar.
5. She says she will let me know when they come.
6. He doesn’t suppose she speaks so much.
7. We hope they have noticed us.

5 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в нужной форме:
1. Her brother said he never (to see) this film before.
2. We wanted to know if they (to enjoy) the meal.
3. I asked her when she (to give) me this book to read.
4. Sophia knew her aunt (to be) glad to visit her in two days.
5. She supposed she (to like) the hotel.
6. My doctor thinks I (to be) allergic to pineapples.
7. It is remarkable that you (to come) at last.

6 Переведите, используя правила согласования времен там, где это необходимо, обращая внимание на время в главном предложении:
1. Дэвид сказал, что его мама учитель.
2. Мы увидели, что дети играли в настольный теннис.
3. Она надеется, что я не буду работать по воскресеньям в следующем году.
4. Я не знала, что они сегодня заняты и не смогут мне помочь.
5. Я думал, что он болеет.
6. Мы надеялись, что они придут вовремя.
7. Я не знал, что его сестра учит немецкий язык.

7 Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.
1. “Tom and Karen have bought a house in the countryside,” Mary said to us.
2. She said, “I am sure he will ring me up when he is back in London.”
3. “We don’t go to this shop very often,” they said to me.
4. “Dad was mowing the grass while I was cleaning the car,” Nick said.
5. “The kids are riding their bikes,” Helen said to me.

8 Write these words into your vocabularies and translate them, make plurals with underlined words
1. predictable -
2. record -
3. relaxing -
4. repetitive -
5. theatre -
6. tune –
7. unfair -
8. unwind –
9. sing along –
10. couch potato –
11. (it’s such) a good laugh –
12. take it or leave it –
13. you can’t beat the atmosphere –

9 Answer these questions
1. How much free time do you have?
2. What do you do in a boring evening?
3. What forms of entertainment do you know?