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Unit 3
PURSUING A CAREER IN LAW

1. Read, translate the text and answer the questions:
What is one of the reasons to get a legal education?
Can you say the legal profession is rewarding? Give your reasons.
2. Find the words given in bolded type in the dictionary.

If you are considering law school, you are taking the first step toward a potentially rewarding career in the legal profession. A legal education can be one of the most challenging and fulfilling. There are many potential reasons one may choose to attend law school. Learning the skills of a lawyer and then using them in practice is the most common reason. 
However, some may simply be interested in the complexities of the law and want to learn more about it. Still others are motivated to enter law school to introduce change through government, interest groups, or other non-profit organizations. Like any other profession, not all lawyers are rich and successful. However, the legal profession is generally rewarding both personally and financially. A person with a background in legal education may not only practice law, but turn to other fields such as teaching, business, and advocacy. Lawyers must be able to examine legal issues, while keeping in mind the constantly changing law and legal system. They also must be able to advocate
diverse interests. This also means advocating interests with which they may not personally agree. Lawyers must have skills to communicate effectively, verbally and in writing.
At the same time, successful attorneys must have the ability to effectively persuade and negotiate. Practicing attorneys, therefore, are intricately involved in business dealings, political negotiations, and  debating some of the most difficult issues facing society. The work of an attorney often involves avoiding and negotiating past conflict. In this manner, the work of an attorney can be very interesting. You'll find lawyers at work in the center of the biggest deals in government,
business, and the non-profit sector. 
(Adapted from http://www.umassd.edu )

Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 1. Study the following words+prepositions. Translate them into Russian. Use them in the sentences of your own.
To be out of work; to look for work; to apply for a job; on an hourly/daily/weekly basis; an amount of money; to be at work; a career in law; law experience; to be involved in smth; refer to smth; pay to smb; at the end of the week/month/year; to hire smb for wage; to work for some hours.

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences with the prepositions from the box.

1. Parties … a treaty are the states which have agreed to be bound … the treaty. 2. … Article 38 (1) … the International Court of Justice Statute International Law is based … custom, international treaties and conventions and general principal of law. 3. Customary international law originates … a pattern of a state practice of law. 4. One of the
principal instruments … developing advisory standards is the UN. 5. Private international law concerns relations … legal jurisdictions … persons, companies and other legal entities. 6. Private international law refers … the body of different legal instruments to regulate disputes. 7. Private international law deals … a wide variety of topics.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian.
legal documents, litigation, to represent a client, for instance, solicitor, officers of the court, drafting pleadings and other documents related to court proceedings, trust deeds, litigation, doubtless, barrister, occupation, acquire knowledge, officers of the court.

Exercise 4. Find the English equivalents to the following words and phrases.
юридическая профессия, адвокат, выступающий в суде, поверенный, выполнять работу в суде, выполнять работу в конторе,  представлять клиента на полном слушании, обременительный, судебный исполнитель, правонарушение, рассмотрение дела в суде, практикант, юридическое образование, получить оплачиваемую должность.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct word to make the sentence complete.
1. In England, the legal profession perceive /is divided /maintain between office lawyers.
2. In each of these roles, the lawyer will need divided/to engage/relevant in factual investigation.
3. The art of negotiation maintain/perceive /involves many techniques individual to particular attorneys and the circumstances
4. The client always retains/divided/participate the right to accept or reject a settlement negotiated or offered by the opposing party.
5. The judge is investigate/charged/maintain with the duty to state, as a positive matter, what the law is.
6. The jury relevant/negotiation /will receive instructions from the judge as to the law.

Exercise 6. Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right column.

Exercise 7. Read the questions and then discuss them with your partner, using the following clichés.
1. Is there any difference between the legal profession in Russia and in Great Britain?
2. Would you prefer to become a solicitor or a barrister, if you lived in England? Why?
As far as …,
I am of the same opinion…
I don`t absolutely agree…
In fact I`m not sure…
Speaking of…,
Regarding…,
I think…,
The point is…,
Moreover…
Besides…

Exercise 8. Read the text to find out the difference between terms of legal professions in different countries.
Lawyer is a general term for a person who is qualified to advise people about the law, to prepare legal documents for them and/or to represent them in a court of law. In England and Wales, a lawyer who is qualified to speak in the higher courts of law is called a barrister. In Scotland a barrister is called an advocate. In North American English attorney is a more formal word used for a lawyer and is used especially in job titles: district attorney. Counsel is the formal legal word
used for a lawyer who is representing someone in court: counsel for the prosecution. Solicitor is the British English term for a lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares documents, for example when you are buying a house, and sometimes has the right to speak in a court of law. In North American English solicitor is only used in the titles of some
lawyers who work for the government: Solicitor General. 

Exercise 9. Make short dialogues to show the difference between legal professions in different countries. Use the following clichés.
Concerning…,

Actually, …
The trouble is…
It goes without saying, that…
I am of the same opinion …
It is well known that…
Besides,…
Summing it up…

Exercise 10. You can see 5 reasons why to choose the career in legal profession. Decide which one is the most important for you? Why? Make up a dialogue to prove your point of view. Use the following clichés.
To my mind…
First of all…,
If I am not mistaken…
This plays an important role in…
It turned out that…
In addition…
What`s more…
Summing it up…
1. Growth and opportunity
2. Financial rewards.
3. Intellectual challenge.
4. Prosperity.
5. Prestige.

Passive voice

The passive consists of two verb forms. The first is a form of the auxiliary verb TO BE. The second is the THIRD (Participle II) form of the main verb. Usually, the agent is not named in the passive sentence. If it is named, it is introduced by the preposition.

Note: passive constructions are only possible with transitive verbs (verbs which take direct objects): arrest the suspect; convict the accused; sentence the defendant, etc. They are not possible with intransitive verbs (verbs which can’t be followed by direct object), such as sleep, bleed, etc.

Exercise 1. Use the active or passive future simple form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

What will the legal profession look like in 20 years?

Specialist lawyers … actually (carry out) the litigation or transaction work. All filing with courts and government agencies …………… (do) electronically. Documents ... (exchange) in online portals or extranets. Meetings ... (hold) entirely by video conference. With the globalization of the economy, law firms ……. (develop) global connections. They………… (conduct) virtual operations. Their attorneys ... (work) remotely and ……… (connect) to a central office by fax, email,
the Web and phone. All services ………… (price) on a fixed-fee basis. 
Clients ... (search) for lawyers using free online databases.

Exercise 2. Correct the mistakes.
1. The client are being interviewed by the lawyer at the moment. 2. He is often being asked to help with paper work. 3. The contract will automatically renewed. 4. Does the contract being negotiated at the moment? 5. Why is he being criticize? 6. When the contract will be signed?

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the present perfect active or passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The company … already … (convict) of unfair commercial practices. 2. Since April Google … (investigate) by the EU officials. 3. The number of women in the legal professions … (increase) dramatically since 1970s. 4. Much attention … (pay) to the lack of working-class people, ethnic minorities and women in the legal profession. 5. High salaries in the legal profession … recently … (prove) by statistics. 6. … you ever … unfairly … (fire)? 7. … you ever … (wonder) what it takes to be a lawyer?