Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "History of Computers"

I. Translate the text from English into Russian. Read the text and do the exercises that follow it. History of Computers Let us take a look at the history of the computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man’s hands. This, in fact, is why today we count in tens and multiply of tens. Then the abacus was invented, a bead frame in which the beads are moved from left to right. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th century, it is being used in some parts of the world because it can be understood without knowing how to read. During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J. Napier, a Scotsman, devised a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which is how the modern slide rule works. Henry Briggs used Napier’s ideas to produce logarithm which all mathematicians used today.....

II. Translate from English into Russian: 1. the very first calculating device 7. first digital computer 2. to count in tens 8. to figure out 3. to multiply of tens 9. ten times faster 4. without knowing 10. extra speed 5. to be independently invented 11. tiny integrated circuits 6. to save a great deal of time 12. keeping instruction

III. Translate from Russian into English: 1. знать сегодня 7. попытка 2. 10 пальцев руки человека 8. аналоговый компьютер 3. кости на счетах двигают слева на право 9. скорость 4. продолжать использовать 10. вакуумные лампы (трубки) 5. счеты 11. транзистор 6. настоящая счетно- 12. интегрированные схемы вычислительная машина

IV. Fill in each blank with a word chosen from the list below to complete the meaning of the sentence: chip, speed, figure out, calculating, reduces, microminiturization, analog, logarithm, abacus, machine, vacuum tubes, tiny, dependable, devised 1. The very first ..... device used was 10 fingers of a man’s hand. 2. Then, the ..... was invented. 3. J. Napier ..... a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing. 4. Henry Briggs used J.Napier’s ideas to produce ..... . 5. The first real calculating ..... appeared in 1820. 6. This type of machine ..... the possibility of making mistakes. 7. In 1930 the first ..... computer was built. 8. This was the first machine that could ..... ..... mathematical problems at a very fast speed. 9. In 1946 was built the first digital computer using parts called .... . 10. The reason for this extra ..... was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. 11. The second generation computers were smaller, faster and more ..... than first-generation computers. 12. The third-generation computers are controlled by ..... integrated circuits. 13. This is due to ....., which means that the circuits are much smaller than before. 14. A ..... is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch.

V. Finish the following sentences: 1. The first generation of computers came out in ..... . 2. The second generation of computers could perform work ten times faster than their .... . 3. The third-generation computers appeared on the market in ..... . 4. The fourth-generation computers have been greatly ..... . 5. The fourth-generation computers are 50 times faster and can ..... .

VI. Find the synonyms to the following words in the text: simple, to carry out, up to date, quick, to try, small VII. Find the antonyms to the following words in the text: Like, short, to increase, sole, dependently VIII. Arrange the items of the plan in a logical order according to the text: 1. J. Napier devised a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing. 2. The very first calculating device was the ten fingers of a man’s hands. 3. Babbage showed his analytical engine at Paris Exhibition. 4. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820. 5. The first analog computer was used in World War II.

IX. Answer the questions on the text: 1. What was the very first calculating device? 2. What is abacus? When did people begin to use them? 3. When did a lot of people try to find easy ways of calculating? 4. Who used Napier’s ideas to produce logarithm? 5. What was invented by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibnitz? 6. What did Charles Babbage design? 7. When was the first analog computer built? How did people use it? 8. Who built the first digital computer? 9. How did the first generation of computers work? 10. What are the differences between the first and the second computer generations? 11. When did the third-generation computers appear?