Выполнить задание по английскому языку

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text making use of the topical vocabulary to the text (прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, используя словарь по теме):

The British System of Social Welfare

The British social welfare system comprises the National Health Service, the personal social services, and social security. The National Health Service provides a comprehensive range of medical services which are available to all residents, irrespective of means. Local authority  personal social services and voluntary organizations provide help and advice to the most vulnerable members of the community.  These include  eldery people , disable people and children in need to care. The social security system is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need by providing income during periods of inability to earn (including periods of unemployment), help for families and assistance with coasts arising from disablement.

Central government is directly responsible for the National Health Service, administrated by a range of health authorities and boards throughout Britain acting as its agents, and for social security system. It has an indirect responsibility for the personal social services administrated by local authorities. Joint finance and planning between health and local authorities aim to prevent overlapping of services and to encourage the development of community services.

Expenditure on the health service has increased substantially in real terms since 1990, and current spending is planned to grow further. Spending on social security is rising because of increased numbers of beneficiaries, especially retirement pensioners, the long-term sick and disable, and the unemployed, and the value of retirement and most other long-term benefits has been increased in real terms sice 1990.

Major reforms to the social security system have been introduced under the Social Security Act 1986; these are designed to provide a clearer, simpler system more capable of meeteing genuine need. Spending on the personal social services is determined by local authorities, and while constraints are placed by central government on the total expenditure of individual local authorities, spending has risen substantially in real terms since the late 1990s, thus reflecting the priority given to this sector.

Exercise 3. Read the following international words and define their meanings. Write them down (прочитайте интернациональные слова и догадайтесь о их значении):

Social, system, national, service, personal, medical, resident, local, organization, basic, standard, financial, central, agent, planning, million, per cent, general, real, pensioner, reform, act, total, individual, reflect, sector.

Exercise 4. Translate the following word combinations into English in written from (переведит следующие словосочетания на английский язык письменно):

1. адресные социальные услуги
2. медицинские службы (услуги)
3. службы доступны для всех резидентов
4. путем обеспечения дохода
5. наиболее незащищенные члены общества
6. пожилые люди
7. нетрудоспособные люди
8. дети, нуждающиеся в опеке, попечении
9. безработица
10. система социального обеспечения
11. совместное финансирование и планирование
12. расходы на здравоохранение
13. текущие расходы
14. расходы на социальное обеспечение
15. люди, болеющие продолжительное время
16. долговоременные пособия
17. основные реформы нацелены на создание четкой и более простой системы
18. общий бюджет местных органов власти

Exercise 5. Answer the following comprehension questions on the text in written form (ответьте на следующие вопросы на понимание текста письменно):

1. What does the British social welfare system comprise?
2. What organizations provide help and advice to the most vulnerable members of the community?
3. What categories of people refer to the most vulnerable members of the community?
4. What is the central government responsible for?
5. What major reforms to the social security system have been introduced under the Social Security Act?
6. What authorities are responsible for the personal social services administration?
7. What does the National Health Service provide?
8. Whom is the social security system designed for?
9. Which government - central or local - is responsible for the National Health Service, in your opinion?