Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Computing Systems"

1. Перепишите предложения и определите функцию глагола to have, to be. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. For any computer, being able to manipulate information is essential.

2. Now, a team of Penn State physicists has a method for addressing individual neutral atoms without changing surrounding atoms.

3. "There are a set of things that we have to have to do quantum computing," said David S. Weiss, professor of physics.

4. "Quantum computers can solve some problems that classical computers can't," said Weiss. "But they are unlikely to replace your laptop."

5. Research groups at the University of Wisconsin, in France and elsewhere are also investigating neutral atoms for this purpose.

2. Выберите требуемую форму глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Quantum computers (won’t operate, wouldn’t operate, didn’t operate) if they (store, stored, would store) information in usual bits.

2. Last month Weiss and his graduate students (have looked, looked) at using neutral atoms for quantum computing and (have investigated, investigated) ways to individually locate and address an atom to store and retrieve information.

3. Once the cesium atoms (are, were) in place, the researchers (would set, set) them to their lowest quantum state by cooling them.

4. This allows them (using, to use) microwaves to change the qubit state of the target atom without (affecting, affected) the states of any other atoms.

3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную видо-временную форму (Passive voice). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Quantum computers (to structure) and operate in completely different ways from the conventional digital computers used today.

2. Quantum computers (to base) on the quantum mechanical phenomena of entanglement, which can create a mutually dependent group of qubits that must (to consider) as a whole rather than individually.

3. However, Weiss notes that neutral atoms cannot (to hold) in place as well as ions, because background atoms in the near vacuum occasionally knock them out of their traps.

4. The results of Weiss’s reseach (to report) already in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters.

5. With continued improvements the researchers think that this goal (to reach) in some years.

4. Дополните таблицу требующимися частями речи. Переведите полученные формы.

5.  Сопоставьте английские словосочетания с их русскими эквивалентами.

1. quantum gate
2. to meet creteria
3. internal quantum states of the atoms
4. take advantage of
5. the subject of research
6. difficult-to-break security code
7. multiply prime numbers
8. circularly polarized beams

6. Прочитайте текст и укажите абзац, в котором говорится о…

6. Прочитайте текст и укажите абзац, в котором говорится о…

-сфере применения квантовых компьютеров;

-использовании атомов с нейтральным зарядом для хранения и обработки информации в квантовых компьютерах;

- задаче, которую в настоящее время ставят перед собой исследователи.
 

Quantum Computing Advance Locates Neutral Atoms
 

For any computer, being able to manipulate information is essential, but for quantum computing, singling out one data location without influencing any of the surrounding locations is difficult. Now, a team of Penn State physicists has a method for addressing individual neutral atoms without changing surrounding atoms.

"There are a set of things that we have to have to do quantum computing," said David S. Weiss, professor of physics. "We are trying to step down that list and meet the various criteria. Addressability is one step."......

7. Сопоставьте части предложений. Переведите предложения письменно.

1. While conventional computers store information in bits,
2. The methods of encoding information onto neutral atoms, ions or Josephson junctions
3. The researchers first needed to use laser light
4. They then shift the internal quantum states of the atoms
 

8. Прочитайте текст и ответьте письменно на вопросы.

1. What is the difference between quantum computers and conventional digital computers?

2. Where can you find more information on the results of Weiss’s research?

3. What things are different researchers investigating together with neutral atoms for quantum computing?

4. Why is it impossible to hold neutral atoms always in one place within a computer?

5. What is the goal that the researches are currently trying to reach?

9. Заполните пропуски данными словами (apparatus, twice as much, qubits, fidelity superposition, currently, cross, both). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Because of a strange aspect of quantum mechanics called a)……………, a qubit can be in b)………. its 0 and 1 state at the same time.

2. "We are studying neutral atom c)……….because it is clear that you can have thousands in an d)…………," said Weiss.

3. Many atoms are shifted, but the targeted atom, which is where the beams e)……….., is shifted by about f)…………. as any other atom.

4 g)…………, the researchers can only fill about 50 percent of the laser atom traps with atoms, but they can perform quantum gates on those atoms with 93 percent h)……….. and cross talk that is too small to measure.

10. Переведите текст письменно на русский язык и приготовьтесь к чтению вслух абзацев 1, 2, 3.
 

11. Составьте письменное реферирование текста на английском языке.

3D-SoftChip: A Novel Architecture for Next-Generation

Adaptive Computing Systems

System design is becoming increasingly challenging as the complexity of integrated circuits and the time-to-market pressures relentlessly increase. Adaptive computing is a critical technology to develop for future computing systems in order to resolve most of the problems that system designers are now faced with due in no small part to its potential for wide applicability. Up until now, however, this concept has not been fully realized because of many technology constraints such as chip real-estate limitations and the software complexity.....
 

2. 3D ADAPTIVE COMPUTING SYSTEM

2.1. 3D vertically integrated systems overview

During the past few years, there has been significant research into 3D vertically integrated systems. This is due to the ever increasing wiring requirements, which are fast becoming the major bottleneck for future gigascale integrated systems. In very deep submicron silicon geometry the standard planar technology has many drawbacks in regards to performance, reliability, and so forth, caused entirely by limitations in the wiring. Moreover, the data bandwidth requirements for the next-generation computing systems are becoming ever larger......

 

2.2. Adaptive computing system

A reconfigurable system is one that has reconfigurable hardware resources that can be adapted to the application currently under execution, thus providing the possibility to customize across multiple standards and/or applications......
 

2.3. Previous work

Adaptive computing systems are mainly classified in terms of granularity, programmability, reconfigurability, computational methods, and target applications. The nature of recent research work in this area according to these classifications, is shown in Table 2. .....

 

3. 3D-SOFTCHIP ARCHITECTURE

3.1. Features of 3D-SoftChip

The 3D-SoftChip has 4 distinctive features: various computation models, adaptive word-length configuration computation, optimized system architecture for communication, and multimedia signal processing and dynamic reconfigurability for adaptive computing.

3.2.1. Computation algorithm: various computation models

As described before, one 32-bit RISC controller can supply control, data, and instruction addresses to 16 sets of PEs through the completely freely controllable switch block so various computation models can be achieved such asSISD, SIMD, MISD, and MIMD as required. .....