Сделать 1 задание по аудированию и 3 по чтению

Read the text and complete the following tasks.
Reading

In tasks 1-5 decide which statements are True, False, or Not Stated according to the information given in the text.

What makes a memorable middle grade novel and how does this category fit into the larger category of books for young readers? Let's start with a few basic categories. If you look at the American Library Association book awards for young readers, three clear categories emerge: picture books with the Caldecott medal, middle grade with the John Newbery medal, and young adult with the Michael L. Printz medal. By the way, all of these categories include fiction as well as non-fiction titles and multiple genres, everything from historical fiction, to contemporary, to sci-fi, and fantasy. But the Caldecott medal is awarded to an illustrator, not a writer because pictures, not words, are the primary form of communication in a picture book. But in recent years two other markets have emerged.
Board books are for children 3 years old and younger. These are books that are usually printed on cardboard for durability with very little text, usually no more than 300 words, and strong visual content.
Picture books, ideally for children 4 to 8. These books rely primarily on illustration to convey the story. These are often books that adults read aloud to the children in their lives.
Easy readers for children 5 to 8 who are just starting to read on their own. These are very short books with strictly prescribed vocabulary and syntax guidelines for writers. For example, writers of easy readers can't use contractions. These books are often called chapter books.
Middle grade books are for confident readers ages 8 to 12. J.K. Rowling begins the series in middle grade territory and then, as Harry ages and matures, so does his audience. This prompted Rowling to move into the young adult category.
Laura Ingalls Wilder did the same thing with her "Little house on the Prairie" books. When Wilder was writing the "Little house" series in the 1930's, children's publishing wasn't quite this sophisticated. Critics called her books juvenile, and that was the term often used to describe books for young readers, juvenile fiction or juvenile non-fiction. Yet Wilder's first five "Little house" books correspond to contemporary ideas about middle grade fiction. Middle grade and young adult describe audiences not genres, because a tremendous variety of books fall in each category. The core audience for middle grade is 8 to 12- year-olds and young adults is 12 to 18, but the writing has to speak to kids and/or teens first. Wilder's writing is, of course, timeless. Readers of all ages find meaningful ideas in her work.

1. The Caldecott medal and the John Newbery medal are awarded to middle-grade writers.
Your answer:
2. Board books are printed on cardboard to make them less susceptible to damage.
Your answer:
3. Easy readers have few illustrations as they are more focused on vocabulary.
Your answer:
4. Joan Rowling shifted "Harry Potter" from middle grade to young adult due to the story's increasingly inappropriate content.
Your answer:
5. A typical reader of the "Little house on the Prairie" books is 14 years old.
Your answer:

In tasks 6-10 fill in the gaps, using NO MORE THAN 4 WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the text for each answer.

Middle grade is generally shorter than young adult, though that can vary, to account for younger children's short attention spans. And though it doesn't necessarily shy away from tough subjects, it generally avoids the graphic depiction of them.
When Wilder was writing in the 1930's and 1940's, juvenile fiction in all its various manifestations avoided graphic depictions of all kinds, and Wilder's scenes of what was considered gritty or difficult subjects came under close scrutiny from her editor Ursula Nordstrom at Harper and Brothers. In general, contemporary middle grade and young adult fiction is far grittier and far more graphic than books published for the same audiences in the early to even late twentieth century.
Children's books and publications in the United States can, in part, trace their history back to religious periodicals of the early nineteenth century. Two features stand out for the modern reader: the drive to convert young children, and the emphasis on illness, physical dismemberment and early death. Much of the literature in the United States for young readers prior to the American Civil War focused on harrowing themes and sentimental plots. After the Civil War books for children continued to have didactic themes and Christian overtones. Still many librarians were concerned that reading fiction was not a wholesome pastime for children. The voracious devouring of fiction commonly indulged in by patrons of the public library, especially the young, is extremely pernicious and mentally unwholesome. Of course, one book began to transform the reading tastes of American children and their parents, "Little women" published in 1868.

6. Middle grade fiction tends to be quite short due to its readers'...
Your answer (3 words):
7. Ursulla Nordstrom used to critically examine Laura Ingalls Wilder's works due to her writing about....
Your answer (4 words):
8. North American children's literature originated in the... of the early 1800's.
Your answer (2 words):
9. The majority of children's literature of the first half of the 19th century dealt with terrifying topics and ..... Your answer (2 words):
10. A persistent concern for most US librarians was that reading juvenile literature was not a....
4 word

Read the text and complete the following tasks.
Reading
In tasks 1-5 decide which statements are True, False, or Not Stated according to the information given in the text.

British manufactured goods were sold throughout Europe and in America. Because they were machine-made, these goods were cheaper than hand- made products. They were being sold very well. Noticing this, European and American businessmen decided to build their own profitable factories. Many of them travelled to Britain to discover how British industrialists did things.
But Britain did not want to share its industrial innovations. Many companies tried to guard against spies. They built factories with thick walls and small windows to keep out unwelcome visitors. Some companies forced workers to swear that they would never tell anyone about their factory's manufacturing secrets.
The British government passed laws that made it illegal to export spinning or weaving machinery. For a short time, the British efforts to protect their secrets worked. Eventually, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and to the United States.
In the years leading up to the Industrial Revolution, there was no way for an inventor to protect his ideas and inventions from being stolen by another person. To protect inventors, the United States passed the first patent law in 1790. The law gave an inventor control over his idea or invention for 17 years. With this protection, people had more incentive to spend time creating new inventions. If successful, they could make money selling their inventions to businesses. If someone stole their ideas without paying a royalty, the inventor could sue him in court for money lost.
In early 1800's American manufacturing was still underdeveloped. A Boston businessman named Francis Cabot Lowell toured British textile mills in 1810 and was impressed with their operation and how fast they wove cloth. While at the mill, Lowell memorized how English power looms worked. When he returned to the United States, Lowell hired a mechanic to build an improved version of the British loom.
With several partners, Lowell formed the Boston Manufacturing Company in 1813. Lowell's company built its first textile mill using power looms on the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts. Inside the mill, workers performed all the steps needed to convert raw cotton into cloth. The Waltham mill flourished and was extremely profitable.
 

1. Great Britain was the country that led the way during the Industrial Revolution.
Your answer:
2. British factories were designed with no proper ventilation.
Your answer:

3. The patent law of 1790 declared that an inventor had full control over his creation for a period of time.
Your answer:

4. Having returned from a tour of British textile mills, Samuel Lowell decided to precisely replicate a British loom for his factory.

Your answer:

5. The Waltham mill gained popularity due to its woven quilts.
Your answer.

In tasks 6-10 fill in the gaps, using NO MORE THAN 4 WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the text for each answer.

Although Lowell died in 1817, the Boston Company continued his work and expanded its textile manufacturing. In 1822, the company began constructing a huge new mill complex in a farming village on the Merrimack River, about 30 miles from Boston. They designed buildings and laid out streets. They built mills, machine shops, and housing for workers. They also built a series of canals to manage the river's waterpower. In honor of Lowell, the company named the town after him.
Some of the first workers in the Lowell textile mill were young women. They were between 15 and 25 years old and left their farms for better opportunities. At the time, women had no property rights. A widow could be left without her husband's property. A daughter could be left with nothing when her father died. When this happened, a woman was either forced to marry or become a burden to her family. The textile factories opened up a new world of opportunities for these women. They could earn their own money and spend it how they wanted, without answering to anyone.
Mill work was long and hard. The girls worked up to 13-hour days in the factories and were expected to follow strict schedules and codes of behavior. If a young woman did not have a relative to stay with, the mill required her to live in a boarding house. A typical boarding house held 30 to 40 women. Four to eight women shared each bedroom, and two women slept in each bed. Chaperones kept a watchful eye on the young women and reported any rule breaking.
The women formed a close-knit community. They wrote letters, sewed, played piano, and read and discussed newspapers, magazines, the Bible, and other literature. When the girls returned to their rural homes, they were often looked to for new fashions, books, and ideas from the big city.
 

6. Despite Lowell's death, the Boston Company carried on his legacy and...
Your answer (4 words):
7. The Boston Company created a large industrial complex in a rural area approximately...
Your answer (4 words):
8. The Lowell textile mill was an attractive workplace for young women who moved away from home...
Your answer (3 words):
9. For those young women who couldn't stay with a family member the mill provided accommodations in a...

Your answer (2 words):
10. The Lowell mill employed governesses to watch over the young workers and relay...
Your answer (3 words):