Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Перевод сказуемых"

1. Перепишите предложения, поставьте глаголы в скобках согласно правилам согласования времен. Переведите предложения:

1. Many scientists believe that global warming ... worldwide flooding due to rising sea level.

2. It is known that the ozone layer ...our planet and ...us from the harmful rays of the sun.

3. Scientists think that today the changes in the global climate water balance...out serious changes in the environment.
 

2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Выпишите инфинитив и определите его функцию (функция подлежащего, обстоятельства цели, части сказуемого, дополнения, определения):

1. Developed countries which have already gone through a period of rapid industrialization are ready ... cleaner technologies.

2. Communities, government and industries have been working together ... our environment.

3. The experimental work ... by many scientists help ...the problem of environment protection.
 

3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, определите тип инфинитивного оборота (сложное подлежащее, сложное дополнение или оборот с предлогом for):

1. Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and other pollutants are likely to cause global warming.

2. We stopped for them to pass by. 

3. Everyone knows an automobile to be one of sources of air pollution.
 

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните предложения с независимым причастным оборотом:

1. Having used a steam-driven engine a French engineer built a three-wheeled vehicle for two passengers.

2. The cars at that time were very small, the engine being placed under the seat.

3. Being provided with batteries an electric car can develop a speed of 50 miles an hour.

 

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните герундий; определите функции герундия (функция подлежащего, определения, обстоятельства, части составного сказуемого, дополнения). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Car companies are working at developing a supercar.

2. On seeing a red light on panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed.

3. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the «night vision system».
 

6. Перепишите предложения, используя правильную форму глагола. Определите тип условного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. If you had taken some precautions we shouldn’t have found ourselves in such a difficult situation now; almost no fuel left and some 100 km between us and the nearest station.

2. Were electric motors used, cars would not pollute the air. 

3. If he has all the necessary instruments he will repair the car much quicker.
 

7. Прочитайте и подготовьте пересказ текста «Geographical Position of Siberia»;

Geographical Position of Siberia

The territory of Siberia is about ten million square kilometres. You can find here taiga, swamps [swOmps], tundra and permafrost ['pdimafrost].

The name Siberia comes from «sibir», a Mongolian word for «a sleeping land». There are more than thirty nationalities in Siberia. Nevertheless, Siberia is a vastly under populated region. Only 23 percent of the Russian population lives in Siberia.

Siberia is located between the Urals in the West and the Russian Far East in the East. It borders on Kazakhstan and Mongolia in the South. It is washed by the Arctic Ocean in the North.

Siberia consists of two parts: Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia. The Yenisei separates Western Siberia from Eastern Siberia.

The main rivers of Siberia are the Ob, the Irtysh, the Yenisei, the Angara and the Lena. Most of the rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean.

The most famous mountains are the Altai and Sayan mountains.

The climate of Siberia is very severe [si'via]. It means sharp change from heat to cold. Permafrost is 1 km 600 m deep in some places.

Siberia is famous for its natural resources: oil, gas, salt, iron-ore, mica, gold, silver, copper, diamond. It is rich in timber. Siberia has vast deposits of coal.

Siberia is the main supplier of valuable furs: sable, ermine [’0:min], fox, squirrel, mink, muskrat and polar-fox.

Siberia is a very big fuel and energy complex. The Angara-Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power stations produces electric power the cheapest in the world.

There are many industrial centers in Siberia. Angarsk and Usolye are famous for chemical industry. Bratsk and Irkutsk are famous for hydroelectric power stations; Bodaibo is famous for gold mining. Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Tomsk are well-known educational and scientific centers.

Let us remember the words of Mikhail Lomonosov: «Russian strength will grow greater with Siberia» («Могущество России будет прирастать Сибирью»). This land is considered to be the continent of the future.

Mechanism of Corrosion

The element iron when placed in contact with water or a solution has an inherent tendency to go into the solution in the form of ions but since the solution must remain electrically neutral, these positive ions can enter the solution only if an equivalent number of positive ions of some other element are somehow displaced. In the case of iron immersed in water the element displaced is hydrogen which forms a thin invisible film thereby protecting the further action to some extent.

If corrosion is to proceed, the hydrogen film must be removed which can happen in two ways: (a) the hydrogen combining with oxygen present in the solution to form water or (b) it may escape as bubbles of hydrogen gas. In general the rate of destruction of this film is determined by the effective concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water next to the metal and this in turn depends upon factors such as the degree of aeration of the water (whether at rest or in motion), temperature and salts present, etc.

In acid solution the reaction is identical, but the film is removed mainly as bubbles of gas. This happens because the tendency of the hydrogen to plate out from a solution increases with the degree of acidity of the solution to such an extent that the pressure in the gas film suffices to form bubbles. This accounts directly for the fact that corrosion is more rapid in more acid solutions and less rapid in more alkaline solutions.