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Ознакомительный фрагмент работы:
Task 1. Read the text to learn about the principles of the engineering science division:
Principles of the Engineering Science Division
There is no unique principle for or any constancy to the way in which the individual sciences and technologies within engineering are originally placed and subsequently grouped. It may be according to association: public health and environmental engineering are traditionally part of civil engineering because of civil engineering’s concern with sanitation. However, medical and chemical principles are required. It may be according to where related technologies exist: thus industrial engineering began and often continues in mechanical engineering. It may be according to where the basic principles are found. Power engineering and energy are largely electro-mechanical and may be found associated with either mechanical or electrical engineering. As the chemistry of combustion, as in fluidized beds, becomes important in the context of pollution control, furnace design, traditionally part of mechanical engineering, becomes of interest to chemical engineers. Because of the thermal and energy aspect, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning as well as refrigeration are part of mechanical engineering. It may be according to the type of system to which application is found. Thus, controls are primarily of interest in mechanical, electrical, chemical and guidance technologies. It may be according to physical conditions or climate. Rural applications of engineering are usually agricultural and civil while mechanical, electrical and communications technologies are usually imported. Thus rural and primitive and remote regions applications are often, by force of routine, part of civil or agricultural engineering. Mechanical, electrical, communications technology is largely industrial and urban. Cold regions engineering, which includes topics such as materials and systems behavior at low temperatures and ice mechanics, is a specialty found in places like Alaska, Siberia and the Antarctic. It is clear that the categories in engineering are not fixed. Nor, in practice, are there absolute schemes which define the categories because the boundaries to the divisions are somewhat circumstantial.
TEXT AND VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Task 2. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
Task 3. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
1. There is no unique principle for or any constancy to the way in which the individual sciences and technologies within engineering are originally placed and subsequently grouped.
2. Medical and chemical principles are not required at all.
3. Power engineering and energy are largely electro-mechanical and may be associated with either chemical or mechanical engineering.
4. Controls are primarily of interest in mechanical, electrical, chemical and guidance technologies.
5. Mechanical, electrical, communications technology is largely rural.
6. Cold regions engineering is a specialty found in places like Alaska, Siberia and the Antarctic.
Task 4. Find in Text the situations in which the following word combinations are used:
sciences and technologies
public health and environmental engineering
industrial engineering
mechanical engineering
Rural applications
urban.
Task 5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
|
appeared important executing applied engines explanation engineering |
The term 1) .... is a modern one. The new Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the 2) .... of the word “engineering” as the practical principles. Nowadays the term engineering means the art of designing, constructing or using 3) .... But this word is now 4) .... in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of 5) .... such words as objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. The most 6) ...of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine and sanitary. In the middle of the 20th century there 7) ... some other new branches of engineering – nuclear and space engineering.
Task 6. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions:
Task 7. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences:
1. What will you do ___ these circumstances?
a) under; b) over; c) after.
2. Hurry ___ because the train is just on the platform.
a) up; b) on; c) from.
3. He was red ___ anger and shouted at them.
a) from; b) at; c) with.
4. It is ___ what to do in this situation. It must be your decision.
a) up to now; b) up to you; c) up to it.
5. I don’t like to speak ___ people like him. He is always boasting.
a) at; b) of; c) to.
Task 8. Translate the following words into Russian and learn their pronunciation:
|
research |
|
applied |
|
knowledge |
|
development |
|
appropriateness |
|
Reference |
|
value |
|
environmental |
|
tools |
|
behavioral |
|
multifunctioning |
|
licensing |
|
installations |
|
overwhelmingly |
Task 9. Translate the following compound words:
broadband
clockwork
railroad
gunpowder
tramway
waterway
pipeline
railway
highway
airway
airplane
skateboard
low-pollution
air resistance
troubleshooter
broadcast
dial-up
gateway
network
telnet
workstation
Task 9. Translate the following terms:
transceiver
acknowledgement
application
connectionless
driver
knowbot
multicast
multimedia
multiplexing
repeater
selector
catenet
Ethernet
Internet
modem
netiquette
broadcasting
subnetwork
carcinotron
cryotron
plasmatron
as-cast
as-controlled
as-welded
streamwise
slantwise
inductance
divergence
composition
activation
treatment
filament
programming
amplifier
low-noise
turbogenerator
gasometer
radio-transmitter
video-gain
superpower
single-needle
voltage
navigation
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