Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Principles of the Engineering Science Division"

Task 1. Read the text to learn about the principles of the engineering science division:

Principles of the Engineering Science Division

There is no unique principle for or any constancy to the way in which the individual sciences and technologies within engineering are originally placed and subsequently grouped. It may be according to association: public health and environmental engineering are traditionally part of civil engineering because of civil engineering’s concern with sanitation. However, medical and chemical principles are required. It may be according to where related technologies exist: thus industrial engineering began and often continues in mechanical engineering. It may be according to where the basic principles are found. Power engineering and energy are largely electro-mechanical and may be found associated with either mechanical or electrical engineering. As the chemistry of combustion, as in fluidized beds, becomes important in the context of pollution control, furnace design, traditionally part of mechanical engineering, becomes of interest to chemical engineers. Because of the thermal and energy aspect, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning as well as refrigeration are part of mechanical engineering. It may be according to the type of system to which application is found. Thus, controls are primarily of interest in mechanical, electrical, chemical and guidance technologies. It may be according to physical conditions or climate. Rural applications of engineering are usually agricultural and civil while mechanical, electrical and communications technologies are usually imported. Thus rural and primitive and remote regions applications are often, by force of routine, part of civil or agricultural engineering. Mechanical, electrical, communications technology is largely industrial and urban. Cold regions engineering, which includes topics such as materials and systems behavior at low temperatures and ice mechanics, is a specialty found in places like Alaska, Siberia and the Antarctic. It is clear that the categories in engineering are not fixed. Nor, in practice, are there absolute schemes which define the categories because the boundaries to the divisions are somewhat circumstantial.  

 

TEXT AND VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Task 2. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:

• единственный в своем роде 
• здравоохранение 
• гражданское строительство 
• применение 
• контроль за загрязнением 
• определять, характеризовать 
• промышленное машиностроение 

  Task 3. Decide whether these statements are true or false:

   

  1. There is no unique principle for or any constancy to the way in which the individual sciences and technologies within engineering are originally placed and subsequently grouped. 

  2. Medical and chemical principles are not required at all. 

  3. Power engineering and energy are largely electro-mechanical and may be associated with either chemical or mechanical engineering. 

  4. Controls are primarily of interest in mechanical, electrical, chemical and guidance technologies. 

  5. Mechanical, electrical, communications technology is largely rural. 

  6. Cold regions engineering is a specialty found in places like Alaska, Siberia and the Antarctic.
  
   

  Task 4. Find in Text the situations in which the following word combinations are used:

   sciences and technologies 
  public health and environmental engineering  
  industrial engineering 
  mechanical engineering
  Rural applications 
  urban.
  
   

  Task 5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

   

  appeared important executing applied engines explanation engineering

   

  The term 1) .... is a modern one. The new Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the 2) .... of the word “engineering” as the practical principles. Nowadays the term engineering means the art of designing, constructing or using 3) .... But this word is now 4) .... in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of 5) .... such words as objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. The most 6) ...of them are: civil, mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, marine and sanitary. In the middle of the 20th century there 7) ... some other new branches of engineering – nuclear and space engineering.
   

  Task 6. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions:

   

1. Trees always look very beautiful ... spring when they are in blossom.
2. She was so angry that she left the room ... saying good bye.
3. She was dressed...blue that day and looked rather smart.
4. The small table was ... the corner of the living room.
5. You can find me ... home in the evening.
6. Instead ... going home he went to the pub.
7. Speaking frankly, ... general he is right.
    

   Task 7. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences:

    

   1. What will you do ___ these circumstances?

   a) under; b) over; c) after.

   2. Hurry ___ because the train is just on the platform.

   a) up; b) on; c) from.

   3. He was red ___ anger and shouted at them.

   a) from; b) at; c) with.

   4. It is ___ what to do in this situation. It must be your decision.

   a) up to now; b) up to you; c) up to it.

   5. I don’t like to speak ___ people like him. He is always boasting.

   a) at; b) of; c) to.
   
   Task 8. Translate the following words into Russian and learn their pronunciation:
    

   research

   applied

   knowledge

   development

   appropriateness

   Reference

   value

   environmental

   tools

   behavioral

   multifunctioning

   licensing

   installations

   overwhelmingly

   
   

   Task 9. Translate the following compound words:

    

   broadband 
   clockwork 
   railroad 
   gunpowder 
   tramway 
   waterway 
   pipeline 
   railway 
   highway 
   airway 
   airplane
   skateboard 
   low-pollution 
   air resistance 
   troubleshooter 
   broadcast
   dial-up 
   gateway
   network 
   telnet 
   workstation
    

   Task 9. Translate the following terms:

    

   transceiver 
   acknowledgement 
   application 
   connectionless 
   driver 
   knowbot 
   multicast 
   multimedia
   multiplexing 
   repeater 
   selector 
   catenet 
   Ethernet 
   Internet 
   modem 
   netiquette 
   broadcasting 
   subnetwork 
   carcinotron 
   cryotron
   plasmatron 
   as-cast 
   as-controlled 
   as-welded 
   streamwise 
   slantwise 
   inductance
   divergence 
   composition 
   activation 
   treatment 
   filament 
   programming 
   amplifier 
   low-noise 
   turbogenerator 
   gasometer 
   radio-transmitter
   video-gain 
   superpower
   single-needle 
   voltage 
   navigation