Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Firefighter"

Контрольная работа № I Вариант I

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Firefighter is one of the most prestigious professions of all. 2. A reignition is often more serious than the original fire. 3. The higher the concentration of oxygen in the air is, the more vigorously a fire will burn. 4. The simplest method of heat transfer is conduction. 5. Carbon dioxide as a gas is 1.5 times heavier than air. 6. The smaller a water droplet is, the more effective it becomes for fire extinguishment.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сравнительные союзы. 1. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are as efficient for the extinguishment of liquid fires as dry powder extinguishers. 2. Water isn’t so effective as dry powders in metal fire extinction. 3. Combustion of solids occurs by two mechanisms, either flaming or smoldering. 4. Both carbon dioxide and dry chemicals can be used for electrical fires.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Подчеркните их. 1. The ignition sources must be eliminated as any spark can ignite the gas if it is in the right gas-to-air proportion. 2. During the inspection a fire inspector should identify and inform building owners about the potential fire risks. 3. Firefighters had to block roads and evacuate nearby buildings after a fire broke out in a fiberglass factory. 4. Some of the products of combustion may not be fully burnt because of oxygen shortage. 5. Smoke can travel considerable distances from its source by means of air currents. 6. The occupants will be allowed to return to the building when it is declared safe.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и II. 1. Partially extinguished fires give off a large amount of carbon monoxide. 2. Combustion may take place using oxygen contained within the burning material. 3. Electrical fires can be controlled by non-conducting extinguishing agents. 4. Potassium violently reacts with water, producing much heat and evolving hydrogen. 5. Smoke produced by different fires will vary enormously. 6. Having extinguished the fire, firefighters remained at the scene to clear away damaged structures.

V.Прочтите текст "Modern Fire Service" и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы. Modern Fire Service 1. Modern fire service is more complex than it was some decades ago. Firefighters perform a wide range of functions that extend far beyond the traditional role. 2. Firefighters have to face various problems and tasks, and their mission is not only to provide fire extinguishment in case of a fire, but to respond to all kinds of emergency situations such as road accidents, explosions, building collapses, floods, and air crashes. Firefighters are usually the first to respond to all hazardous materials incidents and they must be prepared to eliminate any hazards presented either by leaking containers of highly toxic chemicals or a fire in a building where explosives are manufactured. They are also required to clean up and check the site of the incident.....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Fire"и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. How can fire be represented? 2. What sources of heat energy are mentioned in the text?

Fire In terms of basic chemistry, fire or combustion can be defined as an exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen in which heat and light are evolved. A very simple model of fire is often represented in the form of the "fire triangle", which shows that three components are required for fire to occur: fuel combining with oxygen in a chemical reaction and heat....


Вариант II

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Portable fire extinguishers are the most common first-aid appliances in the incipient stage of a fire. 2. Firefighting foam is much lighter than most liquid fuels. 3. The smaller the coal particles, the greater the danger of spontaneous combustion will be. 4. Heat detectors are the oldest type of automatic fire detectors. 5. Emergency services are better equipped now than ever before. 6. The closer fuels are to one another, the more likely they are to transfer heat.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сравнительные союзы. 1. Water spray is as effective for fire suppression as gaseous agents in case of deep-seated fires. 2. Electrical fire can start in a home as easily as in a commercial building. 3. Fire may burn either with or without flames. 4. Firefighters should know the location of all supplementary water supplies both in cities and in rural areas.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Подчеркните их. 1. Class D fires must be extinguished with dry chemicals or carbon dioxide. 2. Any open flame may be a potential source of ignition. 3. A backdraft can occur only when fresh air enters the burning room. 4. The fire crews were not able to get to the fire floor due to the intense heat and low water pressure in their hose lines. 5. They were to arrive at the scene within some seconds. 6. Fire conditions changed rapidly and the fire crew had to leave the building.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и II. 1. Fire prevention is one of the most important activities carried out by fire departments. 2. Realizing the threat to firefighters the officer in command ordered to shut down the sprinkler system in that part of the building. 3. The amount of smoke generated by a fire depends on the size of the fire and the burning material. 4. Water used for fire extinguishment adds extra weight to the damaged structural components. 5. Fire can spread throughout the building from many concealed places. 6. Having created necessary ventilation firefighters extinguished the fire.

V. Прочтите текст "Fire Safety Engineer" и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно2, 3 и 4 абзацы. Fire Safety Engineer 1. Fire safety engineering is a unique profession that focuses on protecting people, property and the environment from fire. Using science and technology, fire safety engineers make our world safer from fire. 2. Fire safety engineers need a more advanced educational background than firefighters do. Their education usually includes studies in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and technical writing. Specialists in fire safety must become proficient in material science, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and statics. Their curricula include studies in combustion, risk assessment, the design of fire suppression systems, and fire simulation....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Fire Chemistry"и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. What components are needed for combustion to take place? 2. What is the difference between flaming and smoldering combustion? Fire

Chemistry Fires can be unpredictable and very dangerous. They can start small and spread very quickly, threatening lives and destroying property. To be effective as a fire fighter, it is necessary to understand the conditions required for a fire to ignite and grow. A well-trained and experienced fire fighter can extinguish more fire with less water, because of his or her understanding of the chemistry of fire....

Вариант III

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий. 1. Synthetic fuels burn faster than wood and paper. 2. The most effective extinguishant for class D fires is a dry powder agent. 3. Of all fire detectors heat detectors are the slowest in detecting fires. 4. The closer the fuel is to the heat source, the faster the temperature of the fuel is raised. 5. Potassium chloride is more corrosive than other dry-chemical extinguishing agents. 6. The more incidents a firefighter attends, the more experienced he becomes.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сравнительные союзы. 1. Water spray is as effective for fire extinction as gaseous agents in some circumstances. 2. Propane is as explosive as acetylene. 3. Fire gases either displace oxygen or dilute its concentration. 4. Both gas and electric stoves can easily cause fires.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Подчеркните их. 1. Firefighters should know that the increased air supply may intensify the fire. 2. Fire drills can help firefighters evacuate people from buildings when a fire or other emergencies occur. 3. Firefighters were not able to get to the fire seat quickly because of the collapsed roof of the building. 4. For ordinary combustible materials the oxygen level must be reduced to 4 or 5 percent for complete fire extinguishment. 5. The fire chief will have to rapidly assess the problem at the fire scene and plan a course of action. 6. Rescuers are not allowed to work without protective clothing.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и II. 1. Wind can cause great difficulties for firefighters operating at any type of fire. 2. When applied to a fire, dry chemical agents cause extinguishment by smothering a fire process. 3. Being heated to a temperature above its flash point a liquid will ignite in the presence of an ignition source. 4. Successful fire extinguishment is the result of the systematic application of planned procedures. 5. Fire detection systems installed in a building can be numerous in design and in type. 6. Having applied foam firefighters suppressed the fire.

V. Прочтите текст "Responsibilities of Modern Firefighters"и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы. Responsibilities of Modern Firefighters 1. The functions of the fire service have greatly changed in the last decades. The firefighter’s job consisted mainly of extinguishing fires while responding to emergency calls, and of maintaining fire stations and fire engines. 2. Today, firefighters are required a broad range of skills as they have to respond to a wide range of emergencies often unrelated to fires. These may include vehicle accidents, terrorist attacks, oil spills, floods and other natural and manmade disasters. Almost all fire departments provide emergency medical response at the basic level, and many offer patient transport services to hospitals....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Stages of Fire Development" и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. What are the stages of fire development? 2. When can a backdraft phenomenon occur?

Stages of Fire Development Fires develop through several stages and each one has its own characteristics. The incipient stage is known as the first stage of a fire. It is identified by a sufficient supply of fuel and oxygen. Temperature at the fire seat may have reached 1000 °F, but room temperature is still close to normal. The incipient stage is followed by the free-burning stage.....

Контрольная работа № II Вариант I

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения в страдательном залоге. 1. Fire spread is always caused by the transfer of heat. 2. Several floors of the building were destroyed by the fire. 3.Fire damage will be increased if to use the wrong strategy of fire extinguishment. 4.It is necessary to remove smoke from the structure after the fire has been extinguished. 5. The majority of fires are spread by a combination of three processes – convection, conduction and radiation. 6. He was informed that the fire had been extinguished by the use of first-aid appliances. 7. Improperly installed detectors can be often found in the private dwelling houses. 8. Fire extinguishers must be always maintained in a state of operational readiness.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитив. 1. For combustion to occur fuel must be mixed with air in the proper ratio. 2. Putting water directly on the surface allows it to absorb heat by conduction. 3. Fire service is to protect people in all types of emergencies that involve hazardous materials. 4. Vaporization of liquids causes ignitable gases to be evolved. 5. To perform search and rescue operations safely and effectively specialized resources are required.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие герундий. 1. Dry chemical firefighting agents extinguish a fire by interrupting the chain reactions. 2. The method of applying water to a fire varies according to the size of the fire. 3. During a fire materials may change their physical state as a result of being heated. 4. The early detection of a fire is the most important factor in preventing large losses.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особе внимание на перевод слов-заместителей (that-those, one-ones) и на сложные предлоги. 1. Class A fires are those of ordinary combustible materials which can be extinguished with water or dry powder. 2. Convection heat rises and affects the upper floors of a building more than the lower ones. 3. The blanketing effect of foam is higher than that of dry powders. 4. This fire was as large as the one which occurred last week. 5. All fires are classified according to the nature of the combustible materials. 6. In order to avoid water damage carbon dioxide is used in the extinguishment of small fires.

V. Прочтите текст"Classes of Fires"и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 3, 5, 6 и 7 абзацы. CLASSES OF FIRES 1.Fires are grouped into classes according to their characteristics. In some cases, selecting the proper extinguishing agent will mean the difference between extinguishing a fire and being unable to control it. 2.More importantly, in some cases it is dangerous to apply the wrong extinguishing agent to a fire. Using a water extinguisher on an electrical fire can cause an electrical shock as well as a short circuit in the equipment. A water extinguisher should never be used to fight a grease fire....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Flammable and Combustible Liquids"и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. What can happen if liquids are stored improperly? Give examples. 2. What does the result of hazard depend on?

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Flammable liquids (with a flash point below 140ºF) and combustible liquids (with a flash point at or above 140ºF) are used daily and are stored in places near the structures and people. These liquids include chemicals, cleaning agents, diesel fuel and heating oils. If liquids are stored improperly, accidents can happen. Leaks may develop from corrosion or mechanical damage. Sometimes liquid may be spilled during transfer....

Вариант II

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения в страдательном залоге. 1. The development of fire-rescue appliances of a new generation is carried out at the State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia. 2. The fire was prevented from spreading to the neighbouring buildings. 3. Flammable vapors will be given off from unburnt fuel for several hours after the incident. 4. The fire had been extinguished by a sprinkler system before firefighters arrived. 5. Special units of firefighters are trained to handle hazardous materials incidents. 6. As soon as the fire had been extinguished, water should be shut off and the room ventilated. 7. When electrical equipment is not energized, extinguishers for class A or B fires may be used. 8. Many fires can be extinguished very effectively with spray because it absorbs more heat.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитив. 1. Fire inspectors examine commercial buildings to eliminate fire hazards and to monitor fire protection equipment. 2. Liquid foam concentrates must be mixed with water to make a foam solution before they can be applied to a fire. 3. The aim of salvage is to minimize the losses due to a fire and undertaken firefighting operations. 4. One of the methods to control and extinguish a fire is to remove fuel. 5. To save life is the primary function of a firefighter.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие герундий. 1. Liquids and solids produce flammable vapours before bursting into flames. 2. Carbon dioxide extinguishes fires by diluting the oxygen content to a point where combustion is not supported. 3. Some metals are capable of igniting spontaneously in air. 4. Firefighters attempted to keep the fire from spreading to neighbouring premises.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особе внимание на перевод слов-заместителей (that-those, one-ones) и на сложные предлоги. 1. Materials with a low specific heat capacity will heat up more rapidly in a fire than those with high specific heat capacity. 2.Foam can provide a cooling effect in addition to a smothering one in fire extinguishment. 3. Water damage to property was more than that caused by the fire itself. 4. Automatic drencher systems are similar in operating to sprinkler ones. 5. According to the present-day classification electrical fires are considered to be fires of class A, B, or D. 6. Water should not be used on live electrical equipment but in some circumstances an exception may be made in favor of a spray from specially designed nozzles.

V. Прочтите текст"Classification of Gases"и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 3, 4 и 5 абзацы. CLASSIFICATION OF GASES 1. If a material has its temperature between its melting and boiling points then that material will be a liquid. In the case of gases the boiling point is always below ambient temperature and the temperature must also be lowered. Modern technology has produced the means to reduce the temperature of a gas to its boiling point even when it is as low as - 250°C (the boiling point of hydrogen). 2. Gases are classified into three groups according to their physical properties. These groups include: (1) permanent gases; (2) high pressure liquefiable gases and (3) low pressure liquefiable gases.....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Fires in Metals and Electrical Apparatus"и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. Why there is no special classification of electrical fires? 2. What are the most common causes of fires in electrical installations?

FIRES IN METAL AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Metal fires require special fire extinguishants. Dry powders are really suitable. Some other dry media may also be used, for example: dry sand, talc, cement, powdered asbestos. They are all effective in extinguishing these types of fire. Water can be used only with large metal sections, but never with metal powders....

Вариант III

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения в страдательном залоге. 1. The quality of firefighting foam can be influenced by the type of foam-making equipment and the way it is operated and maintained. 2. The fire was quickly extinguished in its incipient stage. 3. The whole town will be evacuated in the event of any substantial fire. 4. The fire was controlled only when it reached the floor equipped with automatic sprinklers. 5. An advantage of carbon dioxide is that it leaves no residue after the fire is extinguished. 6. Rescue efforts were hampered by the extraordinary level of heat generated by the explosion. 7. Spray can be used at most fires except a solid jet of water is necessary to reach the heart of the fire. 8. Firefighters may be always called on to provide medical assistance to injured people.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитив. 1. For flaming combustion to occur, a solid or liquid fuel must be converted into vapour. 2. To safely and effectively extinguish fires, firefighters need to understand the various factors that cause fire ignition and affect the fire spread. 3. It was necessary to use water spray to cool a storage tank. 4. First-aid appliances are intended to be used at the initial stage of a fire. 5. To cool a large surface and to prevent fire spread, it is necessary to use water in the form of a spray.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие герундий. 1. Foam extinguishes flammable liquid fires by excluding oxygen from the fuel surface. 2. Some fuels, such as alcohols and propane, burn without producing smoke. 3. Salvage efforts are aimed at preventing or limiting losses that result from smoke and water damage, and fire suppression activities. 4. Firefighters often encounter situations where their survival depends on making the right decisions and taking the appropriate actions.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особе внимание на перевод слов-заместителей (that-those, one-ones) и на сложные предлоги. 1. In dealing with metal fires it is better to use solid extinguishing agents than any other ones. 2. The ignition temperature of plastics is higher than that of most class A combustible materials. 3. The purpose of a drencher system is to prevent the spread of fire from a burning building to the neighboring one. 4. The size and weight of foam extinguishers are similar to those of water extinguishers. 5. Sometimes fires are classified according to their size and intensity. 6. In order to choose the correct extinguishing agent it is necessary to define the class of the fire.

V. Прочтите текст "Classification of Hazards"и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 3, 4 и 5 абзацы. CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDS 1. In accordance with NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), all areas are typically classified into having light (low) hazard, ordinary (moderate) hazard, or extra (high) hazard. 2. Light (low) hazard areas are locations where the quantity and combustibility of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables is low. In these areas, expected fires have relatively low rates of heat release. Light hazard areas may include offices, classrooms, meeting rooms, etc....

VI. Просмотрите текст "Classification of Fires"и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски: 1. What happens when wood is heated? 2. Why water should not be used on live electrical equipment?

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES Class A fires are fires of ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, textiles. They are best extinguished by the cooling effect of water. When wood is heated, the moisture contained in the pores of the wood is evolved. Wood will ignite in the presence of a small flame; at higher temperatures it ignites spontaneously. Water is the best extinguishing medium for this class of fire. Foam may be used but it is not so effective as water. Dry powder or carbon dioxide is useful in the absence of water when it is important to avoid water damage....