Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Особенности перевода частей речи"

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи, являются слова с окончанием “s” и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Indefinite – (does);

б) признаком мн. ч. имени существительного                      – (boys);

в) показателем притяжат. падежа имени существ. – (friend’s; friends’).

1. Most of my friends are students. 2. The teacher’s help is sometimes very necessary. 3. These students’ experiment was a success. 4. The British rail system was considered the world’s best and most expensive network when it was built in the last century. 5. Parliament represents the entire country. 6. Today’s organizations store and process vast amounts of data, which managers and other employees must turn into useful information. 7. Today’s sports stars can earn as much as they can on tennis court.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какую функцию выполняет окончание –ed, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite;

б) показателем Participle II от стандартного глагола в функции опредeления к существительному:

в) частью сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Perfect Tense;

г) устоявшимся прилагательным.

1. The young man possessed such qualities as physical strength, youth, and determination. 2. A technology is the whole body (весь комплекс, совокупность) of methods and materials used to achieve the stated objective. 3. The first expeditions to Everest were organized jointly by the Alpine Club and the Royal Geographic Society. 4. After two terms of office wearied of politics, feeling old and tired he refused to serve a third term. 5. Besides being very involved this procedure is very costly 6. Applied research carries the findings of basic research to a point where they can be exploited to meet a specific need, while the development stage of research and development includes the steps necessary to bring a new and modified product or process into production.
 

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность глагола “to be”:

а) словарное значение – ‘быть кем-то’, ‘чем-то’; ‘находиться где-то’;

б) вспомогательный глагол для образования а) Passive Voice;
б) Continuous Tense;

в) модальное значение долженствования;

г) глагол-связка в именном составном сказуемом.

1. A standard is defined by the British Standards Institution (BSI) as ‘a published document that contains precise criteria designed to be used consistently as a rule, guide line, or definition’ 2. My friend will be a photographer. 3. The town was destroyed by the earthquake. 4. This firm is designing a new type of TV sets. 5. The students are to be at the lecture. 6. The three weeks before mid-June, are the best for making climbing on Everest. 7. Another serious problem was the corruption among some members of the government.
 

1. They have (have got) five children. 2. The secretary hasn’t finished her work yet. 3. I have my TV set repaired. 4. They don’t have to devorce (разводиться). 5. They have lived in this town for 30 years. 6. I use a computer for my job, and I have to have a lot of meetings with all the other people who work with me. 7. Though the unemployed  have so far been concentrated on middle and old-age groups in Japan, we now find that a growing number of youth cannot find jobs after graduation from high schools.   

IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность глагола ‘to dо’:

а) словарное (смысловое) значение – «делать», «выполнять»;

б) вспомогательный глагол, формы: (do, does, did) для образования вопросительной и отрицательной форм в Present и Past Indefinite;

в) для замены смыслового глагола во избежание повторения;

г) усилительный глагол, формы: (do, does, did) перед инфинитивом смыслового глагола.

1. They didn’t have a good time. 2. I don’t like to do such exercises. 3. You do write a letter to him. 4. Did they leave for Moscow?” Yes, they did. 5. The first computers (like Colossus) did not have computer chips; they used glass tubes. 6. Because today’s computer chips are so fast, modern PCs can do amazing things.

V. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных; подчеркните в предложениях формы сравнения (см. Образец выполнения).

1. He often spends more money than he earns (зарабатывает). 2. The more he studies the problem, the more he likes it. 3. Your translation is better than mine. 4. Mount Everest, is the world’s highest peak. 5. This method of work is the most efficient. 6. The possibilities of this enterprise are much greater than those of this one. 7. The availability of smaller, more powerful and less expensive computing equipment made electronic data processing within the reach of small business and the home user.

VI. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод личных, неопределённых и отрицательных местоимении, (см. Образец выполнения).

1. He earns some extra money teaching computer studies at a private computer school. 2. Give me something to eat, I’m very hungry. 3. Nobody will do this work better than this specialist. 4. The doctor could not consult anybody on that day. 5. No one heard anything about the expedition. 6. The book is somewhere on the shelf (полка). 7. Creative resources can now be accessed anywhere in the world.

VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. There are many picture galleries and museums in this small town. 2. He teaches computer studies. 3. The laboratory equipment was very modern. 4. The first boat competition was organized in the 19^th century. 5. The ridge (череда гор, хребет) divides the Arctic Ocean into two major basins, and it influences water circulation, and ice movement. 6. The design of an information system produces the details that state how a system will meet the requirements identified during systems analysis. 7. Data base development requires experienced personnel.

VIII. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность местоимения “it”:

а) личное местоимение 3-го лица ед. ч. (он, она, оно) заменяет ранее упомянутое неодушевлённое существительное;

б) указательное местоимение «это» (синоним местоимения this);

в) прямое дополнение, если “it” следует за сказуемым;

г) формальное подлежащее в безличных предложениях (в этом случае “it” не переводится);

д) “it” – в составе усилительной конструкции, it is … that, who, which (обычно переводят ’именно‘).

1. It is our institute that trains specialists in the field of optics, cartography and geodesy. 2. We knew everything about it. 3. The scope of economics is indicated by the facts with which it deals. 4. It is known that he was a professional musician. 5. The method makes it possible to obtain interesting results. 6. Henry Ford built a hospital in Detroit. It had the highest standard of comfort and equipment. 7. It is in our teens that we learn about the staples that  make our financial diet – the basics that will apply throughout our life.

IX. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его форму и видо-временную форму и залог. 

1. Sorry I’m late. I got held up in the traffic. 2. The solution of the problem will require concentrated efforts of many research scientists (учёных-исследователей). 3. Many bridges, tunnels and signaling systems are now reaching a dangerous state of fatigue and are considered too expensive to replace. 4. New technologies were being invented and applied to the manufacture of cotton and wool, iron, transportation and agriculture at that time. 5. An extensive programme of cleaning and restoration of historic buildings especially in towns, where centuries of grime (грязь) have been deposited, has been under way for several years. 6. There are several techniques for protecting oneself from radiation, that have been worked out by our specialists. 7. The structures humans build undergo chemical and physical weathering, just as rocks and minerals do.

Задание: переведите текст ‘English as a world language’ устно, а подчеркнутые предложения – письменно, см. Образец выполнения; выполните грамматический анализ по заданиям, предложенным преподавателем.

English as a world language.

1. English is one of the major languages in the world and geographically it is the most widespread language on Earth, with 400 million speakers. In Shakespeare’s time, for example, only a few million people spoke English, and the language was not thought to be very important by the other nations of Europe, and was unknown to the rest of the world.

2. English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England, in all the continents of the world. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century, with the first settlements in North America. Above all, it is the great growth of population in the United States, assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that has given the English language its present standing in the world.....