Контрольная работа по Английскому языку на тему: "Ground Search and Rescue and Urban Search and Rescue"

Variant 1

Ex. 1. Read the text. Ground Search and Rescue and Urban Search and Rescue Search and rescue (SAR) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, typically determined by the type of terrain the search is conducted over. These include mountain rescue; ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs; urban search and rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the battlefield and air-sea rescue over water. Ground search and rescue is the search for persons who are lost or in distress on land or inland waterways. Traditionally associated with wilderness zones, ground search and rescue services are increasingly required in urban and suburban areas to locate persons with Alzheimer’s disease, autism, dementia, or other conditions that lead to wandering behavior. Ground search and rescue missions that occur in urban areas should not be confused with Urban SAR, which in many jurisdictions refers to the location and extraction of people from collapsed buildings or other entrapments. Some ground search teams also employ search and rescue dogs. Urban search and rescue (US&R or USAR), also referred to as Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR), is the location and rescue of persons from collapsed buildings or other urban and industrial entrapments. Due to the specialized nature of the work, most teams are multi-disciplinary and include personnel from police, fire and emergency medical services. Unlike traditional ground search and rescue workers, most US&R responders also have basic training in structural collapse and the dangers associated with live electrical wires, broken natural gas lines, and other hazards. While earthquakes have traditionally been the cause of US&R operations, terrorist attacks and extreme weather such as tornadoes and hurricanes have also resulted in the deployment of these resources. 39

Ex. 2. Translate the highlighted passage into Russian.

Ex. 3. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are true or false. Write T or F. Correct the false statements. 1. The general categories of search and rescue are typically determined by the type of terrain the search is conducted over. 2. Mountain rescue is the search for persons who are lost or in distress on land or inland waterways. 3. Ground search and rescue missions that occur in urban areas are identical to Urban SAR. 4. Urban search and rescue is the location and rescue of persons from industrial entrapments. 5. Urban search and rescue teams include personnel from police, fire, and emergency medical services. 6. Both ground search and rescue workers and urban search and rescue responders have basic training in structural collapse and the dangers associated with live electrical wires, broken natural gas lines and other hazards.

Ex. 4. Make up sentences. Put the words in a logical order. 1. paid; operations; staffed with; Wilderness; usually; and; are; a combination of; volunteer personnel. 2. relates to; rugged; and; specifically; Mountain rescue; mountainous terrain; operations; in; search and rescue. 3. through; operations; Urban SAR; debris; searching; involve. 4. is; This phase; sometimes; demobilization; called. 5. other means; be notified; fax; also; SAR authorities; by telephone; may; or.

Ex. 5. Form verbs from the nouns given below and write them down. search inclusion location evacuee entrapment determination rescue leader survivor collapse

Ex. 6. Find in the text 5 phrases containing verbs in either their present or past participle forms and put them down. Translate them into Russian. E.g. collapsed buildings – разрушенные здания. 40

Ex. 7. Write a summary of the text Ground Search and Rescue and Urban Search and Rescue (8–10 sentences). Use these discourse markers. 1. The title of the text is … . 2. The text contains information about … . 3. At the beginning we can read about … . 4. Then it’s pointed out that … . 5. The second paragraph deals with … . 6. The text also provides information on … . 7. The fourth paragraph tells us about … . 8. Finally, it’s necessary to say that … . 9. I think the text is … because … .

Ex. 8. Read the text. Airworthiness Airworthiness may be defined as the fitness of an aircraft to fly when it meets the minimum conditions laid down in its type certificate. This includes the design and construction (in accordance with specific certification codes). An airworthy aircraft is one that is fit to fly. Additionally it must be operated within the limits laid down; an aircraft which exceeds any limit may be judged to become un-airworthy. In service, an aircraft must also be maintained to specific requirements for it to remain airworthy; the latter case is referred to as Continuing Airworthiness. The connection between the condition of airworthiness and flight safety is an obvious but complex one. The design activity, besides meeting the applicable certification code, often seeks to improve the aircraft’s economics and cost benefit to both the maker and the operator. Therefore, certification authorities will examine all aspects of the design and construction of an aircraft, even when there is apparent improvement to minimum standards. When an aircraft type is first judged to meet all the certification requirements it will be issued with a Type Certificate (TC). A deficiency in the airworthiness of an aircraft can be a significant cause for an in-service incident or accident. A defect may have a significant effect on safety but, if not rectified, or only partly rectified, may also be a cause for an accident at a later time. It is possible 41 that an incorrect crew actions or response to a specific situation may lead to loss of airworthiness. Wherever practicable, the original design will embody redundancy features; that is, an allowance for the failure of a system or component without any reduction in airworthiness. In some cases, the failure only becomes significant after an aircraft has landed but regulation requires rectification before further flight. In more extreme cases a major failure, such as an in-flight failure of a single engine on a multiengine aircraft, will not lead to an accident as the design combined with the training of the pilot will permit a safe landing to be made. The same criteria apply to flight in adverse weather, maintenance and even, in some cases, human fallibility. In addition, each aircraft must hold a certificate (universally called The Certificate of Airworthiness or C of A) to prove that it met the requirements at the date it was issued (or renewed). The regulator will also require that the operator has in place a system to ensure compliance with the following:  compliance with the maintenance programme;  embodiment of Mandatory Modifications and Inspections;  rectification of reported defects and investigation of adverse reliability matters. A common phrase used to cover the above items is the Certificate of Maintenance Review.

Ex. 9. Translate the highlighted passage into Russian.

Ex. 10. Answer these questions in a written form. 1. What is aircraft airworthiness? 2. What does the design activity, besides meeting the applicable certification code, often seek? 3. What type of the certificate is aircraft first issued with?

Ex. 11. Read the text again, find 3 sentences containing linking words and discourse markers and write them down. 42

Ex. 12. Translate these word combinations from English into Russian. An airworthy aircraft, within the limits, to be a cause for an accident, incorrect crew actions, to meet the requirements, an in-flight failure, to have an effect on smth., in some cases, to lead to loss of airworthiness.

Ex. 13. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions where necessary. 1. Additionally it must be operated … the limits laid down. 2. When an aircraft type is first judged to meet … all the certification requirements it will be issued … a Type Certificate (TC). 3. A deficiency … the airworthiness of an aircraft can be a significant cause … an in-service incident or accident. 4. A defect may have a significant effect … safety. 5. The same criteria apply … flight … adverse weather, maintenance and even … some cases, human fallibility.

Ex. 14. Write a report on the topic Airmen’s Certificates (10–12 sentences).